{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1251\uc1\adeff38\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch38\stshfhich38\stshfbi38\deflang1049\deflangfe1049\themelang1049\themelangfe0\themelangcs0{\fonttbl{\f0\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\f2\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}{\f12\fbidi \froman\fcharset129\fprq2{\*\panose 02030600000101010101}Batang{\*\falt ?\'a1\'fe\'ac\'b3?\'ac\'f0?\'ac\'df?\'ac\'f0|?\'ac\'f0?};}
{\f34\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f37\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f38\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Tahoma;}
{\f39\fbidi \froman\fcharset129\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@Batang;}{\f40\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Candara;}{\f41\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Consolas;}
{\f42\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Garamond;}{\f43\fbidi \fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Algerian;}{\flomajor\f31500\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbmajor\f31501\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fhiminor\f31506\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}
{\fbiminor\f31507\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f46\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman;}{\f44\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\f47\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\f48\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f49\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f50\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\f51\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\f52\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f66\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Courier New;}{\f64\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}
{\f67\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f68\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}{\f69\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f70\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}
{\f71\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f72\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}{\f166\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Batang Western{\*\falt ?\'a1\'fe\'ac\'b3?\'ac\'f0?\'ac\'df?\'ac\'f0|?\'ac\'f0?};}
{\f164\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Batang CE{\*\falt ?\'a1\'fe\'ac\'b3?\'ac\'f0?\'ac\'df?\'ac\'f0|?\'ac\'f0?};}{\f165\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Batang Cyr{\*\falt ?\'a1\'fe\'ac\'b3?\'ac\'f0?\'ac\'df?\'ac\'f0|?\'ac\'f0?};}
{\f167\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Batang Greek{\*\falt ?\'a1\'fe\'ac\'b3?\'ac\'f0?\'ac\'df?\'ac\'f0|?\'ac\'f0?};}{\f168\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Batang Tur{\*\falt ?\'a1\'fe\'ac\'b3?\'ac\'f0?\'ac\'df?\'ac\'f0|?\'ac\'f0?};}
{\f171\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Batang Baltic{\*\falt ?\'a1\'fe\'ac\'b3?\'ac\'f0?\'ac\'df?\'ac\'f0|?\'ac\'f0?};}{\f386\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Cambria Math;}{\f384\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}
{\f387\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}{\f388\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f391\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f392\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}
{\f416\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Calibri;}{\f414\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\f417\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f418\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\f421\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f422\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\f426\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Tahoma;}{\f424\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}
{\f427\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f428\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f429\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f430\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}
{\f431\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f432\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f433\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\f436\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2 @Batang Western;}
{\f434\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 @Batang CE;}{\f435\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 @Batang Cyr;}{\f437\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 @Batang Greek;}{\f438\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 @Batang Tur;}
{\f441\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 @Batang Baltic;}{\f446\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Candara;}{\f444\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Candara CE;}{\f447\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Candara Greek;}
{\f448\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Candara Tur;}{\f451\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Candara Baltic;}{\f452\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Candara (Vietnamese);}{\f456\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 Consolas;}
{\f454\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Consolas CE;}{\f457\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Consolas Greek;}{\f458\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Consolas Tur;}{\f461\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Consolas Baltic;}
{\f462\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Consolas (Vietnamese);}{\f466\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Garamond;}{\f464\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Garamond CE;}{\f467\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Garamond Greek;}
{\f468\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Garamond Tur;}{\f471\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Garamond Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31510\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman;}{\flomajor\f31508\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\flomajor\f31511\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flomajor\f31512\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flomajor\f31513\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flomajor\f31514\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flomajor\f31515\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flomajor\f31516\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbmajor\f31520\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman;}{\fdbmajor\f31518\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbmajor\f31521\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbmajor\f31522\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbmajor\f31523\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbmajor\f31524\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbmajor\f31525\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31530\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Cambria;}
{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}
{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31540\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman;}
{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\flominor\f31550\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman;}{\flominor\f31548\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}
{\flominor\f31551\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\flominor\f31555\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\flominor\f31556\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
{\fdbminor\f31560\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman;}{\fdbminor\f31558\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31570\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Calibri;}
{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}
{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31580\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Times New Roman;}
{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;
\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;\red0\green102\blue204;
\caccenttwo\ctint255\cshade255\red192\green80\blue77;\red192\green80\blue77;}{\*\defchp \f38\fs24 }{\*\defpap \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 }\noqfpromote {\stylesheet{
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 \sqformat \spriority0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive 
Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\trcbpat1\trcfpat1\tblind0\tblindtype3\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \snext11 \ssemihidden \sunhideused Normal Table;}{\*\cs15 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf17 \sbasedon10 Hyperlink;}{\*\cs16 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10 \sbasedon10 \slink145 \slocked \'d1\'ed\'ee\'f1\'ea\'e0_;}{\*\cs17 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs21 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f42\fs21\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon16 \'d1\'ed\'ee\'f1\'ea\'e0 + Garamond,10,5 pt,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + Batang,24;}{\*\cs18 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af2\afs17 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20 \sbasedon16 \'d1\'ed\'ee\'f1\'ea\'e0 + \'ca\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e2,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + Arial Black,8 pt5;}{\*\cs19 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon10 \slink146 \slocked \'d1\'ed\'ee\'f1\'ea\'e0 (2)_;}{\*\cs20 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 
\sbasedon19 \'d1\'ed\'ee\'f1\'ea\'e0 (2) + \'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt;}{\*\cs21 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\ul\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon19 \'d1\'ed\'ee\'f1\'ea\'e0 (2);}{\*\cs22 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd-2\expndtw-10 \sbasedon10 \slink147 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (2)_;}{\*\cs23 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd6\expndtw30 \sbasedon22 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (2) + \'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 1 pt;}{\*\cs24 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon10 \slink148 \slocked 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3)_;}{\*\cs25 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af40\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f40\fs17\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon24 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + Candara,8,5 pt23,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (11) + Courier New;}{\*\cs26 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\ul\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon24 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3);}{\*\cs27 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\ai\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f2\fs16\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon24 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + \'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e9,\'ca\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e2,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + 7 pt;}{\*\cs28 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af40\afs12 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f40\fs12\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex100 \sbasedon24 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + Candara3,6 pt,\'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e9;}{\*\cs29 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs20\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon10 \slink149 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (4)_;}{\*\cs30 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\ul\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon24 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3)7;}{\*\cs31 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon24 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + \'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt;}{\*\cs32 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\ul\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon24 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + \'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt5;}{\*\cs33 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 
\sbasedon10 \slink150 \slocked \'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b94_;}{\*\cs34 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10 \sbasedon10 \slink71 \slocked 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 \'c7\'ed\'e0\'ea1;}{\*\cs35 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\ul\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon24 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3)6;}{\*\cs36 \additive 
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af40\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f40\fs26\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon24 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + Candara2,13 pt,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt29;}{\*\cs37 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\ai\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20 \sbasedon24 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + 8,5 pt22,\'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e916,\'ca\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e210,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt6;}{\*\cs38 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\ai\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\i\f2\fs17\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon24 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + 86,5 pt21,\'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e915,\'ca\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e29;}{\*\cs39 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 
\af41\afs11 \ltrch\fcs0 \f41\fs11\lang1036\langfe1036\charscalex150\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon10 \slink151 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (5)_;}{\*\cs40 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs22\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1024\langfe1024\charscalex66\noproof\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon39 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (5) + Courier New,11 pt,\'cf\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e9,\'cc\'e0\'f1\'f8\'f2\'e0\'e1 66%;}{\*\cs41 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon10 \slink152 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (6)_;}{\*\cs42 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs11 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs11\expnd-2\expndtw-10 
\sbasedon10 \slink153 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (7)_;}{\*\cs43 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon42 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (7) + 8 pt,\'cf\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e911,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt28,\'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b93 + Batang,8 pt9;}{\*\cs44 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 
\ab0\ai\af40\afs41 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f40\fs41\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon24 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + Candara1,20,5 pt20,\'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e914,\'ca\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e28;}{\*\cs45 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f2\fs17\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink154 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (8)_;}{\*\cs46 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs22\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\charscalex66\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon10 \slink155 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (9)_;}{\*\cs47 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1024\langfe1024\charscalex100\noproof\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon46 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (9) + 8,5 pt19,\'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e913,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt27,\'cc\'e0\'f1\'f8\'f2\'e0\'e1 100%;}{\*\cs48 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai0\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i0\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon41 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (6) + \'cd\'e5 \'ea\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e2,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt26;}{\*\cs49 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af2\afs11 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs11\expnd4\expndtw20\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon10 \slink156 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (10)_;}{\*\cs50 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon10 \slink157 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (11)_;}{\*\cs51 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai0\af40\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i0\f40\fs26\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon50 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (11) + Candara,13 pt1,\'cd\'e5 \'ea\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e2,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt25;}{\*\cs52 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af38\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f38\fs16\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon10 \slink158 \slocked \'ce\'e3\'eb\'e0\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5 (2)_;}{\*\cs53 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af2\afs17 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1058\langfe1058\langnp1058\langfenp1058 \sbasedon10 \slink159 \slocked \'ce\'e3\'eb\'e0\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5 (3)_;}{\*\cs54 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai0\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i0\f2\fs16\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon53 
\'ce\'e3\'eb\'e0\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5 (3) + 8 pt,\'cf\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e910,\'cd\'e5 \'ea\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e23,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt24,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + Batang7,8 pt8;}{\*\cs55 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon10 \slink160 \slocked \'ce\'e3\'eb\'e0\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5_;}{\*\cs56 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs22\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\charscalex66\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon10 \slink161 \slocked \'ce\'e3\'eb\'e0\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5 (4)_;}{\*\cs57 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon10 \slink162 \slocked \'ce\'e3\'eb\'e0\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5 (5)_;}{\*\cs58 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon55 
\'ce\'e3\'eb\'e0\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5 + 8 pt,\'cf\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e99,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt23,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + Batang6,8 pt7;}{\*\cs59 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af2\afs17 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f2\fs17\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon55 
\'ce\'e3\'eb\'e0\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5 + \'cf\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e9,\'ca\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e27,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt22;}{\*\cs60 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon34 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + 8 pt,\'cf\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e98,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt21,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + Batang5,8 pt6;}{\*\cs61 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 
\ab0\af42\afs21 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f42\fs21\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon24 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + Garamond,101,5 pt18,\'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e912;}{\*\cs62 \additive 
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\ul\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon24 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3)5;}{\*\cs63 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f2\fs17\ul\expnd-2\expndtw-10 \sbasedon24 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + 85,5 pt17,\'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e911,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt20;}{\*\cs64 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10 
\sbasedon24 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + 84,5 pt16,\'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e910,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt19;}{\*\cs65 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af41\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f41\fs18\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1024\langfe1024\charscalex100\noproof \sbasedon24 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + Consolas,9 pt;}{\*\cs66 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs11 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs11\expnd4\expndtw20 \sbasedon24 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + 5,5 pt15,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 1 pt;}{\*\cs67 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\ul\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon24 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3)4;}{\*\cs68 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd-4\expndtw-20 \sbasedon24 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + \'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt4;}{\*\cs69 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036 
\sbasedon10 \slink163 \slocked \'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b92_;}{\*\cs70 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs22\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex66 \sbasedon24 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + 11 pt,\'cc\'e0\'f1\'f8\'f2\'e0\'e1 66%2;}{\s71\ql \fi-480\li0\ri0\sl-230\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext71 \slink34 Body Text;}{\*\cs72 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 \'c7\'ed\'e0\'ea;}{\*\cs73 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 \'c7\'ed\'e0\'ea4;}{\*\cs74 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 \'c7\'ed\'e0\'ea3;}{\*\cs75 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af38 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \ssemihidden 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 \'c7\'ed\'e0\'ea2;}{\*\cs76 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\ul\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon24 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3)3;}{\*\cs77 \additive 
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon24 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + \'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt3;}{\*\cs78 \additive 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs17\expnd48\expndtw240\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon34 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + \'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 12 pt;}{\*\cs79 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd-4\expndtw-20 \sbasedon34 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + 8 pt6,\'cf\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e97,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt5,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + Batang3,8 pt3;}{\*\cs80 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon34 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + 8 pt5,\'cf\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e96,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt18;}{\*\cs81 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af2\afs17 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f2\fs17\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon34 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + \'ca\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e2,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt17;}{\*\cs82 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon34 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + \'ca\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e21,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt4;}{\*\cs83 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20 \sbasedon34 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + \'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt;}{\*\cs84 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs11 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\fs11\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon10 \slink164 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (12)_;}{\*\cs85 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai0\af40\afs8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i0\f40\fs8\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon41 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (6) + Candara,4 pt,\'cd\'e5 \'ea\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e22,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt16,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + Batang,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + 7 pt2,\'cf\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e912;}
{\*\cs86 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af2\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f2\fs18\expnd-2\expndtw-10 \sbasedon34 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + 9 pt,\'ca\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e26;}{\*\cs87 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af42\afs37 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f42\fs37\expnd4\expndtw20 \sbasedon34 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + Garamond,18,5 pt14,\'ca\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e25,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 1 pt2;}{\*\cs88 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs11 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs11\expnd4\expndtw20\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon24 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + 51,5 pt13,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 1 pt1;}{\*\cs89 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10 \sbasedon24 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + 83,5 pt12,\'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e99,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt15,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + Batang8,8 pt;}{\*\cs90 \additive 
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd-4\expndtw-20 \sbasedon24 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + \'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt2;}{\*\cs91 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon34 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + \'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt3;}{\*\cs92 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs16\ul\expnd-2\expndtw-10 \sbasedon34 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + 8 pt4;}{\*\cs93 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 
\sbasedon10 \slink165 \slocked \'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b93_;}{\*\cs94 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon93 
\'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b93 + 8,5 pt11,\'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e98,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt14;}{\*\cs95 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f2\fs17\ul\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon93 \'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b93 + 82,5 pt10,\'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e97,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt13;}{\*\cs96 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon10 \slink166 \slocked \'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b93 (2)_;}{\*\cs97 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\ai\af2\afs17 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon93 
\'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b93 + 81,5 pt9,\'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e96,\'ca\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e24,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt3;}{\*\cs98 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\ul\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon34 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + 8 pt3,\'cf\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e95,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt12,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + 7 pt1;}{\*
\cs99 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon34 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + 8 pt2,\'cf\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e94,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt11;}{\*\cs100 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20 \sbasedon34 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + \'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt2;}{\*\cs101 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af38\afs15 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f38\fs15\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon34 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + Tahoma,7,5 pt8,\'cf\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e93,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt10,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + Batang4,8 pt4,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (11) + Courier New1;}
{\*\cs102 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon34 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + 8 pt1,\'cf\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e92,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt9;}{\*\cs103 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd-2\expndtw-10 \sbasedon10 \slink167 \slocked \'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b93 (3)_;}{\*\cs104 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f2\fs17\ul\expnd-2\expndtw-10 
\sbasedon103 \'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b93 (3) + 8,5 pt7,\'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e95;}{\*\cs105 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\ul\expnd-2\expndtw-10 \sbasedon103 
\'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b93 (3);}{\*\cs106 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10 \sbasedon24 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + 82,5 pt6,\'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e94,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt8;}{\*\cs107 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd0\expndtw0 
\sbasedon10 \slink168 \slocked \'cf\'ee\'e4\'ef\'e8\'f1\'fc \'ea \'f2\'e0\'e1\'eb\'e8\'f6\'e5_;}{\*\cs108 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af40\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f40\fs22\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon107 
\'cf\'ee\'e4\'ef\'e8\'f1\'fc \'ea \'f2\'e0\'e1\'eb\'e8\'f6\'e5 + Candara,11 pt1,\'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e93,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt7,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + Batang2,8 pt2;}{\*\cs109 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\ul\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon24 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3)2;}{\*\cs110 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd-4\expndtw-20 \sbasedon24 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + \'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt1;}{\*\cs111 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10 \sbasedon24 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3) + 81,5 pt5,\'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e92,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt6;}{\*\cs112 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs16\expnd0\expndtw0 
\sbasedon10 \slink169 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (13)_;}{\*\cs113 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs22\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\charscalex66\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon34 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + 11 pt,\'cf\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e91,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt5,\'cc\'e0\'f1\'f8\'f2\'e0\'e1 66%1,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + Batang1,8 pt1;}{\*
\cs114 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1049\langfe1049\charscalex100\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon46 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (9) + 81,5 pt4,\'cd\'e5 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e91,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt4,\'cc\'e0\'f1\'f8\'f2\'e0\'e1 100%1;}{\*\cs115 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10 \sbasedon10 \slink170 \slocked \'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b91_;}{\*\cs116 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f2\fs17\expnd0\expndtw0 \sbasedon34 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + \'cf\'ee\'eb\'f3\'e6\'e8\'f0\'ed\'fb\'e9,\'ca\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e23,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt3;}{\*\cs117 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof 
\sbasedon10 \slink171 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (14)_;}{\*\cs118 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs26 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs26\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink172 \slocked 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (21)_;}{\*\cs119 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs14 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs14\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon10 \slink173 \slocked 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (15)_;}{\*\cs120 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs8 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs8\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink174 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (16)_;}{\*\cs121 
\additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs9 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs9\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink175 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (19)_;}{\*\cs122 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs9 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs9\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink176 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (20)_;}{\*\cs123 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs11 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs11\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink177 \slocked 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (18)_;}{\*\cs124 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs11 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs11\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink178 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (17)_;}{\*
\cs125 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs11 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs11\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink179 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (22)_;}{\*\cs126 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs16\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink180 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (28)_;}{\*\cs127 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs27\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink181 \slocked 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (29)_;}{\*\cs128 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs11 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs11\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink182 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (23)_;}{\*
\cs129 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs27 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs27\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink183 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (34)_;}{\*\cs130 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs19 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs19\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink184 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (31)_;}{\*\cs131 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs11 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\fs11\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon34 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + Garamond1,5,5 pt3,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt2;}{\*\cs132 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink185 \slocked 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (26)_;}{\*\cs133 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai0\af40\afs8 \ltrch\fcs0 \i0\f40\fs8\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon41 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (6) + Candara1,4 pt1,\'cd\'e5 \'ea\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e21,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 0 pt1;}{\*\cs134 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs12 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs12\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof 
\sbasedon10 \slink186 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (24)_;}{\*\cs135 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs11 \ltrch\fcs0 \f42\fs11\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon10 \slink187 \slocked 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (30)_;}{\*\cs136 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon135 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (30) + Courier New,82,5 pt2,\'ca\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e22,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt2,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (7) + Courier New,7 pt,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (2) + 8;}
{\*\cs137 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon84 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (12) + Courier New,81,5 pt1,\'ca\'f3\'f0\'f1\'e8\'e21,\'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt1,\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + 7 pt3;}{\*\cs138 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon34 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + \'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb -1 pt1;}{\*\cs139 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs8 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs8\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink188 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (32)_;}{\*\cs140 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af40\afs15 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f40\fs15\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof 
\sbasedon10 \slink189 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (36)_;}{\*\cs141 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs30 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs30\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink190 \slocked 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (35)_;}{\*\cs142 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs15 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs15\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink191 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (25)_;}{\*
\cs143 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs17\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink192 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (27)_;}{\*\cs144 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs14 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs14\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof \sbasedon10 \slink193 \slocked \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (33)_;}{\s145\ql \li0\ri0\sl-245\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext145 \slink16 \'d1\'ed\'ee\'f1\'ea\'e0;}{\s146\qj \fi-300\li0\ri0\sl-245\slmult0
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext146 \slink19 \'d1\'ed\'ee\'f1\'ea\'e0 (2)1;}{
\s147\ql \li0\ri0\sa120\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 
\sbasedon0 \snext147 \slink22 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (2);}{\s148\qj \fi-340\li0\ri0\sb120\sl-230\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext148 \slink24 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (3)1;}{\s149\ql \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs20\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext149 \slink29 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (4);}{\s150\ql \li0\ri0\sl-230\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext150 \slink33 \'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b94;}{\s151\qj \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af41\afs11\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f41\fs11\lang1036\langfe1036\charscalex150\cgrid\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon0 \snext151 \slink39 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (5);}{\s152\qj \li0\ri0\sa60\sl240\slmult0
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1036\langfe1036\cgrid\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon0 \snext152 \slink41 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (6);}{\s153\qj \li0\ri0\sb60\sa60\sl-86\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs11\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs11\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext153 \slink42 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (7);}{\s154\qj \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f2\fs17\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext154 \slink45 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (8);}{\s155\qr \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs22\lang1049\langfe1049\charscalex66\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext155 \slink46 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (9);}{\s156\qj \li0\ri0\sb120\sl240\slmult0
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\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (10);}{\s157\qj \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext157 \slink50 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (11);}{\s158\qj \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0
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\'ce\'e3\'eb\'e0\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5 (2);}{\s159\qj \li0\ri0\sl-96\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1058\langfe1058\cgrid\langnp1058\langfenp1058 \sbasedon0 \snext159 \slink53 \'ce\'e3\'eb\'e0\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5 (3);}{\s160\qj \li0\ri0\sl-96\slmult0
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\'ce\'e3\'eb\'e0\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5;}{\s161\qj \li0\ri0\sa120\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs22\lang1036\langfe1036\charscalex66\cgrid\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon0 \snext161 \slink56 \'ce\'e3\'eb\'e0\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5 (4);}{\s162\qj \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0
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\'ce\'e3\'eb\'e0\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5 (5);}{\s163\ql \li0\ri0\sa420\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f2\fs17\expnd-4\expndtw-20\lang1036\langfe1036\cgrid\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon0 \snext163 \slink69 \'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b92;}{\s164\ql \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0
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\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (12);}{\s165\ql \li0\ri0\sb60\sl-254\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext165 \slink93 \'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b93;}{\s166\qj \li0\ri0\sl-250\slmult0
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\'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b93 (2);}{\s167\qj \li0\ri0\sb60\sl-245\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext167 \slink103 \'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b93 (3)1;}{\s168\qj \li0\ri0\sl-269\slmult0
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\'cf\'ee\'e4\'ef\'e8\'f1\'fc \'ea \'f2\'e0\'e1\'eb\'e8\'f6\'e5;}{\s169\ql \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af38\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f38\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext169 \slink112 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (13);}{\s170\ql \li0\ri0\sl-250\slmult0
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\'c7\'e0\'e3\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ea \'b91;}{\s171\ql \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext171 \slink117 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (14);}{\s172\ql \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0
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\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (21);}{\s173\qj \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs14\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs14\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext173 \slink119 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (15);}{\s174\qj \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0
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\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (16);}{\s175\ql \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs9\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs9\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext175 \slink121 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (19);}{\s176\ql \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0
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\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (20);}{\s177\ql \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs11\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f38\fs11\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext177 \slink123 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (18);}{\s178\qj \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs11\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs11\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext178 \slink124 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (17);}{\s179\ql \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs11\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs11\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext179 \slink125 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (22);}{\s180\qj \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs16\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext180 \slink126 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (28);}{\s181\qj \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs27\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs27\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext181 \slink127 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (29);}{\s182\ql \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs11\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs11\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext182 \slink128 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (23);}{\s183\qj \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs27\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs27\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext183 \slink129 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (34);}{\s184\qj \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs19\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs19\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext184 \slink130 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (31);}{\s185\ql \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext185 \slink132 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (26);}{\s186\ql \li0\ri0\sa60\sl240\slmult0
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs12\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs12\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext186 \slink134 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (24);}{\s187\qj \li0\ri0\sl-106\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af42\afs11\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f42\fs11\lang1036\langfe1036\cgrid\langnp1036\langfenp1036 \sbasedon0 \snext187 \slink135 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (30);}{\s188\qj \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs8\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs8\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext188 \slink139 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (32);}{\s189\qj \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af40\afs15\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f40\fs15\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext189 \slink140 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (36);}{\s190\qj \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs30\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs30\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext190 \slink141 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (35);}{\s191\ql \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs15\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs15\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext191 \slink142 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (25);}{\s192\qj \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs17\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext192 \slink143 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (27);}{\s193\qj \li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af40\afs14\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs14\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\noproof\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext193 \slink144 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (33);}{\*\cs194 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8 
\sbasedon10 \slink197 \slocked \styrsid9916975 \'ca\'ee\'eb\'ee\'ed\'f2\'e8\'f2\'f3\'eb_;}{\*\cs195 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af37\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\expnd0\expndtw0\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8 \sbasedon194 \styrsid9916975 
\'ca\'ee\'eb\'ee\'ed\'f2\'e8\'f2\'f3\'eb + Calibri;}{\*\cs196 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs17\expnd16\expndtw80 \sbasedon34 \styrsid9916975 
\'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 + \'c8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb 4 pt;}{\s197\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext197 \slink194 \styrsid9916975 \'ca\'ee\'eb\'ee\'ed\'f2\'e8\'f2\'f3\'eb;}{\s198\ql \li0\ri0\sl-235\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 \sbasedon0 \snext198 \styrsid9916975 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (9)1;}{
\s199\ql \li0\ri0\sa120\sl240\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af12\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\lang1049\langfe1049\loch\f12\hich\af38\dbch\af12\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 
\sbasedon0 \snext199 \styrsid9916975 \'ce\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f1\'f2 (11)1;}{\s200\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4677\tqr\tx9355\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs24\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext200 \slink201 \sunhideused \styrsid9062272 header;}{\*\cs201 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon10 \slink200 \slocked \styrsid9062272 \'c2\'e5\'f0\'f5\'ed\'e8\'e9 \'ea\'ee\'eb\'ee\'ed\'f2\'e8\'f2\'f3\'eb \'c7\'ed\'e0\'ea;}{\s202\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4677\tqr\tx9355\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext202 \slink203 \sunhideused \styrsid9062272 footer;}{\*\cs203 \additive \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\b\f2\fs16\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038 \'a71.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038  INTRODUCTION.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8341524\charrsid1464567 Semiconductors which play so important a role i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 n modern technology have been known to physicists and engineers for only a relatively short time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The evolution of know}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7687628\charrsid1464567 
ledge of them and their applica}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 tions may perhaps be divided int}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2185513 o four main periods as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid2185513 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 In the first period, prior to 1931, some semiconductors were used for making industrial rectifiers which were then called "dry rectifiers" in
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7687628\charrsid1464567  contrast to electrolytic recti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 fiers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The second period,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs25\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 1931}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7687628\charrsid1464567 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 9, was characterised by the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7687628\charrsid1464567  de}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 velopment of the fundamental general laws of the solid state.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx3950\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The third period, from 1939 to 1948, saw a renewal of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 experimental and theoretical work on dry rectifiers stem\-ming from the needs of radar. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The close spacing needed in a vacuum diode to achieve sufficiently low tran
sit time for the detection of centimetre waves proved difficult, and attention was directed to the possibility of improving the old "crystal detectors", consisting of a "cat-whisker" applied to a semiconducting crystal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  Such a device was the galena detector, which was used for radio reception prior to the advent of the valve. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs26\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Systematic studies were made to determine whether such assemblies could be given the stability and uniformity hitherto totally absent,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs26\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 and finally the semiconductor silicon was chosen; it was purified sufficiently, and its characteristics controlled by the addition of very small}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs28\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 quantities of certain impurities. At the sa}{\rtlch\fcs1 
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manium came into use, and the "crystal valves" obtained were employed to functi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16545570\charrsid1464567 on as detectors and superhetero}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 dyne mixers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The fourth period commenced in 1946, by the announcement of an arrangement of a germanium crystal on which two metallic point contacts were made f this was the "transistor", w}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12352299\charrsid1464567 hich}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  had amplifying }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16545570\charrsid1464567 properties analo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12352299\charrsid1464567 g
ous to those of a triode valve.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par Its realization was possible only}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12352299\charrsid1464567  because of the great progress i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 n the production of monocrystals of a high stan\-dard and the po}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12352299\charrsid1464567 
ssession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  of a better understanding of the mechanism by which current }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 15 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12352299\charrsid1464567 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ca}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12352299\charrsid1464567 rried in solids.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 Since the appearance of this}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  first type of transistor many technological advances hav}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 
e been made leading to further improvement i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
n diodes as well as triodes, and at the same time, many new arrangements have led to further possibilities in amplifiers, oscill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 a
tors, switching de\-vices, etc. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 with much improved characteristics.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 The impor
tance of transistor and other circuit element applications is so great in electronics that all those concerned in this field of physics need to acquire a sufficiently general knowledge of semiconductors. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs30\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16654752\charrsid3626038 NOT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs30\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038 ES}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Systematic studies (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  made to determine whe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 ther such assemblies could be given the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 stability and uniformity hitherto- totally absent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid2185513 \'ef}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f0\'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 \'e2\'ee\'e4\'e8\'eb\'e8\'f1\'fc}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f1\'e8\'f1\'f2\'e5\'ec\'e0\'f2\'e8\'f7\'e5\'f1\'ea\'e8\'e5}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 \'e8\'f1\'f1\'eb\'e5\'e4\'ee\'e2\'e0\'ed\'e8\'ff}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f7\'f2\'ee\'e1\'fb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ee\'ef\'f0\'e5\'e4\'e5\'eb\'e8\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 \'ec\'ee\'e6\'ed\'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 \'eb\'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f2\'e0\'ea\'e8\'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f1\'f5\'e5\'ec\'fb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 \'ed\'e0\'e4\'e5\'eb\'e8\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f1\'e2\'ee\'e9\'f1\'f2\'e2\'e0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 \'ec\'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f1\'f2\'e0\'e1\'e8\'eb\'fc\'ed\'ee\'f1\'f2\'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ee\'e4\'ed\'ee\'f0\'ee\'e4\'ed\'ee\'f1\'f2\'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs31\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid16654752\charrsid3626038 WORDS AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs30\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038  EXPRESSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs30\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16654752\charrsid3626038 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs30\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs30\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038 \'d2\'ce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs30\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs30\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038 BE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs30\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16654752\charrsid3626038 REMEMBERED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs30\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 advance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'f0\'ee\'e4\'e2\'e8\'e6\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  \'f3\'f1\'ef\'e5\'f5, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 \'e4\'ee\'f1\'f2\'e8\'e6\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 advent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'ef\'f0\'e8\'f5\'ee\'e4, \'ef\'f0\'e8\'e1\'fb\'f2\'e8\'e5, \'ef\'ee\'ff\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 amplifier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'f3\'f1\'e8\'eb\'e8\'f2\'e5\'eb\'fc
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567 catwhisker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'ea\'ee\'ed\'f2\'e0\'ea\'f2\'ed\'e0\'ff \'ef\'f0\'f3\'e6\'e8\'ed\'ea\'e0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16654752\charrsid1464567  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e2 \'f2\'ee\'f7\'e5\'f7\'ed\'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 \'ec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'ef\'f0\'ee\'e2\'ee\'e4\'ed\'e8\-}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 \'ea\'ee\'e2\'ee\'ec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  \'ef\'f0
\'e8\'e1\'ee\'f0\'e5) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid2185513 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 \'f1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 ommen}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 \'f1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 e}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid2185513 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 \'ed\'e0\'f7\'e8\'ed\'e0\'f2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid2185513 \'fc (-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 \'f1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ff) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 concern}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 \'e8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e5\'f1
\'ee\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc\'f1\'ff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , \'ea\'e0\'f1\'e0\'f2\'fc\'f1\'ff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 detection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'e4\'e5\'f2\'e5\'ea\'f2\'e8\'f0\'ee\'e2\'e0\'ed\'e8\'e5, \'ee\'e1\'ed\'e0\'f0\'f3\'e6\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 evolution}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'f0\'e0\'e7\'e2\'e8\'f2\'e8\'e5 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 fashion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 \'ee\'e1\'f0\'e0\'e7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , \'ec\'e0
\'ed\'e5\'f0\'e0, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 \'f4\'ee\'f0\'ec\'e0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 galena}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  \'e3\'e0\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8
\'f2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567  (\'f1\'ee\'e5\'e4\'e8\'ed\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5 \'f1\'e2\'e8\'ed\'f6\'e0 \'f1 \'f1\'e5\'f0\'ee\'e9)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 improvement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567  - }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f3\'eb\'f3\'f7
\'f8\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5, \'f3\'f1\'ee\'e2\'e5\'f0\'f8\'e5\'ed\'f1\'f2\'e2\'ee\'e2\'e0\'ed\'e8\'e5
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s150\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark0}mixer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'f1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 \'ec\'e5
\'f1\'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f2\'e5\'eb\'fc{\*\bkmkend bookmark0}
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark1}po}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 int}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 contact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 \'f2\'ee\'f7\'e5\'f7\'ed\'fb\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  \'ea\'ee\'ed\'f2\'e0\'ea\'f2{\*\bkmkend bookmark1}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark2}prior}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'e4\'ee, \'ef\'f0\'e5\'e4\'fb\'e4\'f3\'f9\'e8\'e9, 
\'ef\'f0\'e5\'e4\'f8\'e5\'f1\'f2\'e2\'f3\'fe\'f9\'e8\'e9{\*\bkmkend bookmark2}
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark3}rectifier}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 - 
\'e2\'fb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'f0\'ff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 \'ec\'e8\'f2\'e5\'eb\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
{\*\bkmkend bookmark3}
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 relatively}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'f1\'f0\'e0\'e2\'ed\'e8\'f2\'e5\'eb\'fc\'ed\'ee, 
\'ee\'f2\'ed\'ee\'f1\'e8\'f2\'e5\'eb\'fc\'ed\'ee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 renewal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'e2\'ee\'e7\'ee\'e1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5, \'e2\'ee\'e7\'f0\'ee\'e6\'e4\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 solid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 state}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'f2\'e2\'b8\'f0\'e4\'ee\'e5 \'f2\'e5\'eb\'ee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 spacing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 - \'f0\'e0\'f1\'f1\'f2\'ee\'ff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\'ed\'e8\'e5, \'ef\'f0\'ee\'eb\'b8\'f2, \'e8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 stem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'ef\'f0\'ee\'e8\'f1\'f5\'ee\'e4\'e8\'f2\'fc
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2508\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 superheterodyne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 mixer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'f1\'f3\'ef\'e5\'f0\'e3\'e5\'f2\'e5\'f0\'ee\'e4\'e8\'ed\'ed\'fb\'e9 \'f1\'ec\'e5\'f1\'e8\'f2\'e5\'eb\'fc }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 transit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'e5\'f0\'e5\'f5\'ee\'e4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 (transit time }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'f0\'ee\'eb\'b8\'f2\'ed\'ee\'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 \'e2\'f0\'e5\'ec\'ff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 )
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 valve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'ea\'eb\'e0\'ef\'e0\'ed, \'fd\'eb\'e5\'ea\'f2\'f0\'ee\'ed\'ed\'e0\'ff \'eb\'e0\'ec\'ef\'e0, \'e2\'e5\'ed\'f2\'e8\'eb\'fc
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs35\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs35\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16010912\charrsid1464567 EXE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs35\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 RCISES}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 I.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx458\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14359094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Anal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs35\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 yze and translate the sentences underlined in the text.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs35\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14359094 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \li284\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx458\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid3626038 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038\charrsid14359094 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs35\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 II.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx458\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14359094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs35\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Translate the following words as v}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs35\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567 erbs and nouns: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567 
use, contrast, need, advance, s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 tudy, assembly, control, function, point, contact, switch, concern. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid14359094 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \li284\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx458\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid3626038 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid3626038\charrsid14359094 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs35\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 III.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2185513 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs35\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567 Answer the following questions:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx-1560\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2185513 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 1. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid1464567\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 How long have semiconductors been known to physicists}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567 and engineers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567 
\par 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid1464567\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 What semiconductors were used}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567  for making i}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ndustrial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 rectifiers prior to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 1931}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs36\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid1464567\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567 What was th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
e second period of the evolution a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567 nd know\-ledge of semiconductors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567 4. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1464567\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 What did a renewal of experimental}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567 
 and theoretical work on dry rectifiers stem from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567 5. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1464567\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 What device was used for radio reception p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567 rior to the advent of the valve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx-1560\tx463\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2185513 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1464567\charrsid1464567 6.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
What semiconductor was chosen to achieve the stability and unifo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567 rmity absent in a vacuum diode}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid6312309 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2185513\charrsid2185513 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1701\tx-1560\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls15\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2185513 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2185513\charrsid2185513  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 What were the characteri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567 
stics of the semiconductor silicon controlled by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1701\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls15\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2185513 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 What other semiconductors came into}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs37\b0\i\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs37\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567 use}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\i\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 at the same time}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10096341\charrsid1464567 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10096341 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4786034 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx284\tx458\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls15\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4786034 
When did the fourth period in the development of semiconductors commence?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4786034 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10.\tab}What are the properties of the transistor?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4786034 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11.\tab}What made the realization of the transistor possible?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4786034\charrsid14359094 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \li284\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx284\tx458\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid14359094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14359094 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4786034\charrsid3626038 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 IV.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14359094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4786034\charrsid3626038 
Translate the following text without a dictionary
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx458\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4786034 Semi
conductors are being more and more widely used in the various branches of science and technology. Without them, progress in modern electrical engineering, radioelectronics  and automation in impossible. A great variety of semiconductor diodes and transist
ors are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8217772 utilised}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4786034 
 on a mass scale with most diverse and critical electronic systems.
\par The production of semiconductor devices involves many complicated operations that require much manual }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8217772 
work and great accuracy. Their quality and reliability therefore depend to the great extent on the skill of the process workers and technology used.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4786034\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3035305\charrsid3035305 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx-1701\tx458\tx7901\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\f0\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9775715\charrsid3626038 \'a72.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\f0\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14359094\charrsid6312309  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\f0\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9775715\charrsid3626038 SEMICONDUCTORS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\f0\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7160608\charrsid3626038 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\f0\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9775715\charrsid3626038 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx-1701\tx458\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1601733 A semiconductor is a solid crystalline material whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8917419 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1601733  insulator. Semiconduct
ors exhibit conduction properties that may be temperature-dependent, permitting their use as thermistors (temperature }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7160608 
dependent resistors) or voltage-dependent as varistors. If the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3035305 electrical}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7160608  connections to the semiconductor are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3035305\charrsid3035305 nonoh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7160608\charrsid3035305 mic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\cf6\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7160608 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7160608 then overall nonlinear voltage-current characteristics are obtained and the device may become, for example, a diode rectifier. Semiconductor device}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\cf6\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7160608\charrsid7160608  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14359094 called}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1601733\charrsid32472  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid32472 
transistors exhibit amplification properties and are rapidly replacing vacuum tubes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid162653 in selected applications.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1601733 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid162653 The electrical conductivity of semiconductors ranges }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10313302 from about 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid10313302\charrsid10902886 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10313302  to 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid10313302\charrsid10902886 -9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10313302  ohm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid10313302\charrsid10902886 -1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10313302  cm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid10313302\charrsid10902886 -1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10313302 , as compared with a maximum conductivity of 107 for good conductors as a minimum conductivity of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid344434 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid344434\charrsid8917419 -17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid344434  ohm }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid344434\charrsid8917419 -1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid344434  cm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid344434\charrsid8917419 -1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid344434  for good insulators.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid162653 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid344434 The electric current is usually due only to the motion of electrons, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7276649 although under some conditions, much as very high temperatures, the motion of ions may be important. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5968544 The basic distinction between conduction in metal and in semiconductors is made by considering the energy band occupied by the conduction electrons. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid344434 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5968544 A crystalline solid consists of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid11278071 
a large array called a crystal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5968544 lattice. The electrons of an atom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7485735  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5466778 
can each have certain energies, so-called energy levels, as predicted by quantum theory }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid5466778\charrsid9988327 1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5466778 . Because the atoms of the crystal are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8342861  in close proximity, the electron }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid11278071 orbits around different atoms overlap to some extent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid11278071\charrsid9988327 2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid11278071 
 and the electrons interact with each other; consequently the sharp, well-separated energy levels of the individual electrons actually spread out into energy bands. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5968544 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16263642 At absolute zero temperature, the electrons occupy the lowest possible energy levels, with the restriction that at most two electrons }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid16263642\charrsid9988327 3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16263642 
 may be in the same energy level. In semiconductors and insulators, there are just enough }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15078061 electrons to fill completely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4612397 a number of energy bands, leaving the rest of the energy bands empty. The highest filled energy band is called the valence band. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5660502 
 The next higher band, which is empty at absolute zero temperature, is called the conduction band. The conduction band is separated from the valance band by an energy gap, which is an important characteristic of the semiconductor. (to be continued).}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16263642 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5660502\charrsid14359094 NOTES
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls18\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14359094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327 As predicted by quantum theory \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327 \'f1\'ee\'e3\'eb\'e0\'f1\'ed\'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327\charrsid9988327  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327 \'ea\'e2\'e0\'ed\'f2\'ee\'e2\'ee\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327\charrsid9988327  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327 \'f2\'e5\'ee\'f0\'e8\'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327\charrsid9988327 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327 To}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327\charrsid9988327  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327 some}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327\charrsid9988327  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327 extent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327\charrsid9988327  \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327 \'e4\'ee \'ed\'e5\'ea\'ee\'f2\'ee\'f0\'ee\'e9 \'f1\'f2\'e5\'ef\'e5\'ed\'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327\charrsid9988327 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327 At}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327 most}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327 two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327 electrons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327\charrsid3035305  \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327 \'ed\'e5 \'e1\'ee\'eb\'fc\'f8\'e5 \'e4\'e2\'f3\'f5 \'fd\'eb\'e5\'ea\'f2\'f0\'ee\'ed\'ee\'e2
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14359094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid14359094 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9988327\charrsid14359094 WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS TO BE REMEMBERED
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx-1701\tx458\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2060263 ccelerate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069\charrsid3035305  - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069 \'f3\'f1\'ea\'ee\'f0\'ff\'f2\'fc}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid2060263\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2060263 rray}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069\charrsid3035305  \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069 \'f0\'e5\'f8\'e5\'f2\'ea\'e0}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069\charrsid3035305 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069 \'ec\'e0
\'f2\'f0\'e8\'f6\'e0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid2060263\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7236708 onductivity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069\charrsid15233069  \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069 \'f3\'e4\'e5\'eb\'fc\'ed\'e0\'ff}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069\charrsid15233069  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069 \'ef\'f0
\'ee\'e2\'ee\'e4\'e8\'ec\'ee\'f1\'f2\'fc, \'ef\'f0\'ee\'e2\'ee\'e4\'e8\'ec\'ee\'f1\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid2060263\charrsid15233069 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7236708 urrent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069  - \'f2\'ee\'ea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid7236708\charrsid15233069 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7236708 istinction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069  \endash  \'f0\'e0\'e7\'eb\'e8\'f7\'e8\'e5, \'ee\'f2\'eb\'e8\'f7\'e8\'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid7236708\charrsid15233069 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7236708 xhibit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069  \endash  \'ef\'f0\'ee\'ff\'e2\'eb\'ff\'f2\'fc, \'ee\'e1\'ed\'e0\'f0\'f3\'e6\'e8\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid7236708\charrsid15233069 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7236708 empty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid15233069  - \'ef\'f3\'f1\'f2\'ee\'e9}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid7236708\charrsid15233069 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8675833\charrsid1464567 insulator}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e7\'ee\'eb\'ff\'f2}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 op}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 , 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e8\'e7\'ee\'eb\'ff\'f6\'e8\'ee\'ed\'ed\'fb\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ec\'e0\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e8\'e0\'eb}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\cf6\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 interact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e2\'e7\'e0\'e8\'ec\'ee\'e4\'e5\'e9\'f1\'f2\'e2\'ee\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 intermediate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid8675833\charrsid3035305 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'f0\'ee\'ec\'e5\'e6\'f3\'f2\'ee\'f7\'ed\'fb\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e2\'f1\'ef\'ee\'ec\'ee\'e3\'e0\'f2\'e5
\'eb\'fc\'ed\'fb\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 intervene}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid8675833\charrsid3035305 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e2\'ec\'e5\'f8\'e8\'e2\'e0
\'f2\'fc\'f1\'ff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 level}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f3\'f0\'ee\'e2\'e5\'ed\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx4741\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 overlap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'ef\'e5\'f0\'e5\'ea\'f0\'fb\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc, \'ef\'e5\'f0\'e5\'f1\'e5\'ea\'e0\'f2\'fc, \'e7\'e0\'f5\'ee\'e4\'e8\'f2\'fc \'ee\'e4\'e8\'ed \'e7
\'e0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid8675833\charrsid1464567 \'e4\'f0\'f3\'e3\'ee\'e9
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 proximity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'e1\'eb\'e8\'e7\'ee\'f1
\'f2\'fc\tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 range}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'e4\'e8\'e0\'ef\'e0\'e7\'ee\'ed,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10569174\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'f0\'e5\'e4\'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10569174\charrsid1464567 \'eb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10569174\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f0\'ff\'e4; \'ea
\'ee\'eb\'e5\'e1\'e0\'f2\'fc\'f1\'ff, \'e2\'e0\'f0\'fc\'e8\'f0\'ee\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10569174\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 rectify}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'e2\'fb\'ef\'f0\'ff\'ec
\'eb\'ff\'f2\'fc }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10569174\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10569174\charrsid1464567 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 pace}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'ef\'f0\'ee\'f1\'f2\'f0\'e0\'ed\'f1\'f2\'e2\'ee, \'e8\'ed\'f2\'e5\'f0\'e2\'e0\'eb, \'ef\'f0\'ee\'ec\'e5\'e6\'f3\'f2\'ee\'ea }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10569174\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 thermistor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f2\'e5\'f0\'ec\'ee\'f0\'e5
\'e7\'e8\'f1\'f2\'ee\'f0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10569174\charrsid1464567 \'f2
\'e5\'f0\'ec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e8\'f1\'f2\'ee\'f0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10569174\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10569174\charrsid1464567 v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 aristor}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e2\'e0\'f0\'e8\'f1\'f2\'ee\'f0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f0\'e5\'e3\'f3\'eb\'e8\'f0\'f3\'e5\'ec\'fb\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f0\'e5\'e7\'e8\'f1\'f2\'ee\'f0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10569174\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10569174\charrsid1464567 means}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'ef\'ee\'f1\'f0\'e5\'e4\'f1\'f2\'e2\'ee\'ec, \'ef\'f0\'e8 \'ef\'ee\'ec\'ee\'f9\'e8 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10569174\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 carrier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ed\'ee\'f1\'e8\'f2\'e5\'eb
\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e7\'e0\'f0\'ff\'e4\'e0}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10569174\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 conduction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 band}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10569174\charrsid1464567 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  \'e7\'ee\'ed\'e0 \'ef\'f0\'ee
\'e2\'ee\'e4\'e8\'ec\'ee\'f1\'f2\'e8 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10569174\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 energy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 gap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'fd\'ed\'e5\'f0\'e3\'e5\'f2\'e8\'f7\'e5\'f1\'ea\'e0\'ff \'ef\'f0\'ee\'ec\'e5\'e6\'f3\'f2\'ee\'ea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10569174\charrsid1464567 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  \'f8\'e8\'f0\'e8\'ed\'e0 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10569174\charrsid1464567 \'e7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e0\'ef\'f0\'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10569174\charrsid1464567 \'f9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e5\'ed\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'e7\'ee\'ed\'fb, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid14096380\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 en}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ergy level }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'fd\'ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 \'e5\'f0\'e3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f3\'f0\'ee\'e2
\'e5\'ed\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs62\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs62\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 EXERSISE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs62\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 S}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs62\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid14096380\charrsid14359094 I.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs62\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid14359094  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs62\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid14359094 Translate the following}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs62\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid14359094  sentences}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs63\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid14359094  paying}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs62\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid14359094 
 attention to the Absolute Participle Constructions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs62\b0\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 :
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs62\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid14359094\charrsid14359094  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 These materials are classed as semiconductors,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs64\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  their}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  ele}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 ctric}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  conductivity being intermediate}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs64\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  between}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  metalli}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs64\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  co}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs64\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 duct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 ors a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 nd non-metallic insulators. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 
\par 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 In semiconductors and insulators there being just enough electrons to fill com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 pletely a number of energy bands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
, the rest of energy bands are left empty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \sect 
}\sectd \ltrsect\sbknone\linex0\headery0\footery6\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid11556188\sftnbj {\footerl \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af38\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs2 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs2\cf0\lang1033\langfe1049\langfenp1049\insrsid877110 
\par }}{\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f38\fs24\cf1\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af38\afs2 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs2\cf0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\langfenp1049\insrsid877110\charrsid9062272 
\par }}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
3. Electrons occupy definite allowed orbits, each having the corresponding energy levels. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 
\par 4. The conduction band is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 separated from the valence band by an energy gap, the latter being an important characteristic of the semiconductor. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs66\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 5.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  Semiconductor devi
ces called transistors exhibit am\-plification properties, transistors rapidly replacing vacuum tubes due to these properties. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 
\par 
\par II}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs67\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid14359094 . Translate the following sentences, put general ques\-tions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs67\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid14359094  to them and give short answers:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs67\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs67\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 1. The el}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 
ectric current is .usually due o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 nly to the motion of electrons.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 A crystalline solid consists of a large number of atoms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 3. At absolute z}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
ero temperature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 , the elec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
trons occupy the lowest possible energy levels.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid14096380\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs67\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid3626038 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 III.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls31\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14359094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs67\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid3626038 Answer the following questions:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs67\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs67\b0\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid14096380\charrsid3626038 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14359094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 What is a semiconductor ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 What prope}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 rties do semiconductors exhibit}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}In what way is the basic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 istinction between conduc\-tion i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 n metals and in semiconductor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 s made? }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 What does a crystalline solid consist of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1701\tx308\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14359094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 What energy levels do electrons occu}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 py at absolute zero temperature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 What }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid482499 band i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 s called the valence band}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14359094 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 What ban}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 d is called the conduction band}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 What separates the conduction band from the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567  valence band}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs67\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 IV.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi-720\li1004\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls31\adjustright\rin0\lin1004\itap0\pararsid482499 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs67\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038 Translate the following t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs67\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid3626038 ext without using a dictiona\-ry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs67\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid482499 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid482499 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 In accordance with their conductivity at room tempera\-ture substances may }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 be classified into three groups:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  con\-duct}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 ors with a high conductivity (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 10}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 -4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 to 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ohm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 cm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 ); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  insulators (dielectrics), who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 se conductivity is very low ( l0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 -1}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  ohm}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 -1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567   cm}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 -1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 );}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  semicond}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 uctors, whose conductivity is less than that of the c}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 onductors but gr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 
eater than for the insulators (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 -5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567   to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 -9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  ohm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  cm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 -1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs68\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 It}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 will be recalled that an elec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 tric}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  currant is a direc\-ted motion of electrically charged particles under the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 action }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid7960413\charrsid1464567 an ele}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ctric }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 field.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
The greater the number of electrons capable of moving through a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7230067\charrsid1464567 crystal under the action of an electric}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  field, the higher is the conductivity of the crystal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The crys}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7230067\charrsid1464567 tals of metallic structure are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
good conductors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7230067\charrsid1464567  a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7230067\charrsid1464567 they possess a gre}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 at number of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7230067\charrsid1464567  free electrons not bound with i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
ndividual atoms.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7230067\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2560114\charrsid3626038 \'a7 3. (CONTINUED)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid9402102 In metals, the highest energy band that is occupied by the electrons is only partially filled. This co
ndition exists either because the number of electrons is not just right to fill an integral number of energy bands or because the highest occupied energy band overlaps the next higher band without intervening }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid805620 energy gap. The electrons in a partially filled band may acquire a small amount of energy from an applied electric field by going to the higher levels in the same band.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\cf6\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6055759\charrsid6055759  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\cf6\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15277570  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15277570 The electrons are accelerated in a direction opposite to the field and thereby constitute an electric current. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4135520 The semiconductors and insulators, the electrons are found only in completely field bands, at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid11037691 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4135520 
ow temperatures. To increase the energy of the electrons, it is necessary to raise electrons from the valence band to the conduction band across the energy gap. The electric fie}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14821808 lds normally encountered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4135520 
are not large enough to accomplish this with appreciable probability. At sufficiently high temp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14821808 
erature depending on the magnitude of the energy gap, a significant number of valence electric gains enough energy thermally to the raised to 
the conduction band. These electrons in an unfilled band can easily participate in conduction. Furthermore, there is now a corresponding number of vacancies in the electron population of the valence band.  These vacancies, or holes as they are called have
 the effect carriers of positive charge by means of which the valence band makes a contribution to the conductions of the crystal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid14821808\charrsid14821808 1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14821808 .
\par The type of charge carrier, electron or hole, that in the largest concentration in a material sometimes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\cf6\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14821808  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4025667\charrsid14821808 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid14821808 alled}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15025527\charrsid14821808  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs70\b\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\charscalex66\langfenp1033\insrsid15025527\charrsid14821808  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid14821808 majority
 carrier and the type in smallest con\-centration the minority carrier. The majority carr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4025667\charrsid14821808 iers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid14821808  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid14821808 are primarily responsible fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4025667\charrsid14821808 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid14821808  the conduct}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4025667\charrsid14821808 ion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid14821808  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid14821808 properties of the m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4025667\charrsid14821808 
aterial. Although the minority c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid14821808 arries p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4025667\charrsid14821808 lay a minor role in electrical }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid14821808 
conductivity, they can be of great im\-portance in rectification and transi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4025667\charrsid14821808 stor action in a semiconductor}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid4025667\charrsid14821808 3)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid14821808 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\cf6\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid14821808 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 WORDS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'c0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 ND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 EXPRESSIONS TO BE REMEMB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 ERED:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 acc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 omplish}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'e7\'e0\'ea\'e0\'ed\'f7\'e8\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc, \'e7\'e0\'e2\'e5\'f0\'f8\'e0\'f2\'fc, \'ee\'f1\'f3\'f9\'e5\'f1\'f2\'e2\'eb\'ff\'f2\'fc
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 appreciable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'e7\'e0\'ec\'e5\'f2\'ed\'fb\'e9, \'ee\'f9\'f3\'f2\'e8\'ec\'fb\'e9
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 constitute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'f1\'ee\'f1\'f2\'e0\'e2\'eb\'ff\'f2\'fc
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 depending}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'e2 \'e7\'e0\'e2\'e8\'f1\'e8\'ec\'ee\'f1\'f2\'e8 \'ee\'f2...
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 encounter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \emdash  \'e2\'f1\'f2\'f0\'e5\'f7\'e0\'f2\'fc\'f1\'ff, \'f1\'f2\'e0\'eb\'ea\'e8\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc\'f1\'ff
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 exist}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'f1\'f3\'f9\'e5\'f1\'f2\'e2\'ee\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 inte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 gral}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'ef\'ee\'eb\'ed\'fb\'e9, 
\'f6\'e5\'eb\'fb\'e9, \'f6\'e5\'eb\'fc\'ed\'fb\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid13006153\charrsid1464567 majority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid13006153\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid13006153\charrsid1464567 carrier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid13006153\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid9266453\charrsid6312309 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid13006153\charrsid1464567  \'ee\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'ed\'ee\'f1\'e8\'f2\'e5\'eb\'fc

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid13006153\charrsid1464567 minority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid13006153\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid13006153\charrsid1464567 carrier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid9266453  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid9266453\charrsid6312309 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid13006153\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid13006153\charrsid1464567 \'ed\'e5\'ee\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'e9 \'ed\'ee\'f1\'e8\'f2\'e5\'eb\'fc
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 partially}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'f7\'e0\'f1\'f2\'e8\'f7\'ed\'ee
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 participate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f3\'f7\'e0\'f1\'f2\'e2\'ee\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 population}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'ee\'ef\'f3\'eb\'ff\'f6\'e8\'ff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e7\'e0\'f1\'e5\'eb\'b8\'ed\'ed\'ee\'f1\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs76\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 NOTES }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs76\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'d2
\'ce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs76\b0\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs76\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 THE TEXT:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs77\lang1033\langfe1049\langnp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs77\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ...}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 have the effect of carriers of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 positive charge by means of whic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
h the valence bond makes a contribution to the conductions of the crystal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e2\'e5\'e4\'f3\'f2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f1\'e5\'e1\'ff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ea\'e0\'ea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ed\'ee\'f1\'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'f2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e5\'eb\'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'ee\'eb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'e6\'e8\'f2\'e5\'eb\'fc\'ed\'fb\'f5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e7\'e0\'f0\'ff\'e4\'ee\'e2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'ee\'f1\'f0\'e5\'e4\'f1\'f2\'e2\'ee\'ec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ea\'ee\'f2\'ee\'f0\'fb\'f5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e2\'e0\'eb\'e5\'ed\'f2\'ed\'e0\'ff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f1\'e2\'ff\'e7\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f3\'f7\'e0\'f1\'f2\'e2\'f3\'e5\'f2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'f0\'ee\'e2\'ee\'e4\'e8\'ec\'ee\'f1\'f2\'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ea\'f0\'e8\'f1\'f2\'e0\'eb\'eb\'ee\'e2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 2. \'85
 are primarily responsible for the conduction properties of the material \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'e2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'ee\'f1\'ed\'ee\'e2\'ed\'ee\'ec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'ee\'e1\'fa\'ff\'f1\'ed\'ff\'fe\'f2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'f1\'e2\'ee\'e9\'f1\'f2\'e2\'e0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'f0\'ee\'e2\'ee\'e4\'e8\'ec\'ee\'f1\'f2\'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 
\par 3. \'85 they can be of great importance in rectification and transistor action in a semiconductor \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'ee\'ed\'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'ec\'ee\'e3\'f3\'f2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'e8\'e3\'f0\'e0\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'ee\'f7\'e5\'ed\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'e2\'e0\'e6\'ed\'f3\'fe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'f0\'ee\'eb\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'e2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'e2\'fb\'ef\'f0\'ff\'ec\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'ec\'e5\'f5\'e0\'ed\'e8\'e7\'ec\'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'f0\'e0\'e1\'ee\'f2\'fb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567 \'f2\'f0\'e0\'ed\'e7\'e8\'f1\'f2\'ee\'f0\'e0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid1464567  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid4025667\charrsid3035305 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx366\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 EXERCISES
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s148 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1049\langnp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid9266453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 I.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx366\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12405073\charrsid9266453 Translate the international word}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx366\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 
occupy, number, accelerate, normally, opposite, vacancy, contribution, positive, action, structure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12405073 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid3626038\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid9266453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 II.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx414\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid9266453 Transl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12405073\charrsid9266453 ate}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid9266453  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid9266453 the following antonyms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ;}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 partially }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
completely, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 hig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
low, increase }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 decrease, to raise }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
to lower, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 gain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 lo}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , easy }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 comp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid9266453 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 icated}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
, majority }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 minority, next }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 previous, insulator }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 conductor, externa}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 internal, full }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 empty, allow }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 forbid, top}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567  - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 bottom.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid3626038\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid9266453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 III.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid9266453 Tra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid9266453 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid9266453 slat}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid9266453 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid9266453 the following
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs80\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid9266453  sentences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid9266453  paying attention t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid9266453 o }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid9266453 ing-forms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 :}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1031\langfe1031\langnp1031\langfenp1031\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 1. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 
The highest energy band is only partially fil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 led }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 because it overlaps the next higher ban}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 d without intervening}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid1464567\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 en}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ergy gap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid1464567\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1464567\charrsid1464567 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The electrons may acquire a small }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 amount of energy by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 going to the higher levels in the sam}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12405073\charrsid1464567 
e band.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid10963298\charrsid1464567 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10963298\charrsid1464567 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 basic distinction between conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10963298\charrsid1464567 
ion in metals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid10963298\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
and in semiconductors is made by cons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10963298\charrsid1464567 idering the energy band occupied by conduction electrons. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10963298\charrsid1464567 4. The vacancies or h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 oles having the effect of car\-riers of positive charge makes it possible for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10963298\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 valence ba}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10963298\charrsid1464567 nd to make a contribution to the conduction of the crystal b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 y }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 means of them}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10963298\charrsid1464567 .
\par 5. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  minority carriers' playing a minor role in elec\-trical}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10963298\charrsid1464567  conductivity is well known to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
every engi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10963298\charrsid1464567 neer concerned with electronics.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2850284\charrsid3035305 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9266453\charrsid9266453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 IV.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9266453\charrsid9266453 Answer the following questions:}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2850284\charrsid9266453 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2850284\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2850284\charrsid1464567 
Why is the highest energy band in metals only parti\-ally filled?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 In what w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2850284\charrsid1464567 ay the electrons in a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  partially filled band acquire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2850284\charrsid1464567  a small amount of energy from an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 applied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2850284\charrsid1464567 electric}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  field? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2850284\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 In what w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2850284\charrsid1464567 ay}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2850284\charrsid1464567 
 electrons constitute an electric cur\-rent?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 What}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2850284\charrsid1464567  is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  it }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2850284\charrsid1464567 
necessary to do to increase th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 e energy of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2850284\charrsid1464567  electrons?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9266453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9266453  What electrons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2850284\charrsid1464567  can participate in conduction?}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567  What effect have holes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1701\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 
What type of charge carries is called the majority carrier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx332\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 
What are the majority carriers responsible for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1701\tx426\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 What type of ch}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 arge carrier is called the minority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 
 ca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 rrier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 Wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 at role do minority carriers play}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx327\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9266453\charrsid9266453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 V.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1560\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9266453\charrsid9266453 
Make a written translation of the text without a dictionary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The electrons of a completely fill}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 
ed band do not participate i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 n conductivity, as the existence of an electric current depends on the acceleration of elec\-
trons by an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 external electric field, which i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ncreases their energy. In a completely filled band, however, all energy levels are occupied }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 and consequently no e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 lec}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 trons with energies within the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 energy range of the band can carry an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4807714 
 electric current, i.e., comple}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 tely filled bands are occupied by electrons bound with atoms (bound electr
ons). Conversely, crystals will conduct an electric curre}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 nt if the electrons are located i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 n empty or partially filled bands. When the electron energy is increased by an external electric field, the energy of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 e electrons corresponds to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
free adjacent ener}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 gy levels of the allowed band, i.e., t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 he electrons move via the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 
 energy levels. To transfer an e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
lectron from the upper boundary of a filled band to the bottom of an empty one, it should receive a considerable amount of energy as compa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4807714 
red to the average thermal ener}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 gy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567  of an atom at room temperature.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  A }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 crystal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  having such a structure of energy bands is known as an insulator.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 A crystal is called a semiconductor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  if less en}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 
ergy as compared to insulators i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 s needed to transfer an electron fr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 om}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  a filled to a conduction ba}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2310676\charrsid1464567 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 .

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3815785\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9266453\charrsid9266453 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 VI.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9266453\charrsid9266453 
Speak on semiconductors properties and types of charge carriers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3815785\charrsid9266453 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s148\ql \li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9266453 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15171394\charrsid3035305 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1464567\charrsid3626038 \'a7 4. MOBILITY OF CARR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038 IERS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs28\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
The velocity acquired by charge carriers per unit strength of applied electric field is called the mobi\-lity of the carriers. The velocity in question is the so-called}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs82\i\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs82\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594\charrsid15166594 drift}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid15166594  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
velocity in the direction of the force exerted on the carriers by the applied field. It is ad\-ded to the random thermal velocity. In semiconductors the carrier mobility norm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 ally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  ranges from 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid15166594 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\super\insrsid15166594\charrsid15166594 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid15166594  cm}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\super\insrsid15166594\charrsid15166594 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid15166594 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 A material}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
conductivity is the pro\-duct of the charge, the mobility and the carrier con\-centration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Electrons in a perfectly periodic potential field ca
n be accelerated freely. Impurities, physical defects in the structure, and thermal vibrations of the atoms di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 sturb the periodicity of the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  potential }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 fiel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid15166594 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 in t}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 crystal, thereby scattering the moving carriers. It is the resistance produced by this scatt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 ering that limits the carriers to only a drift v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
elocity under the steady force of an applied field.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid15166594 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594\charrsid15166594 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid15166594 tr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594\charrsid15166594 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid15166594 nsi}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594\charrsid15166594 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid15166594 
 semiconductors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 . A semiconductor in which the concentration of charge carriers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs83\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs83\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  characteristic of the material itself rather than of the content of impurities and structural defects of the crystal is called an intrinsic semiconductor}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 Electrons in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 conduction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 band and holes in the valence band are cre\-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ted by thermal excitation of electron}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594  the valen\-ce to the conduction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 band. Thus an intrinsic se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 icon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 du}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ctor has equal concentrations of electrons and holes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs86\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 carrier concentration, and h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ence the conductivity, is very sensitive to temperature and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid15166594 de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 pends }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 strongly on the energy gap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  The energy gap ranges from a frac\-tion of eV to several electron }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 volts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid15166594 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
A material must have a large gap to be an insulator.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid15166594 Impuri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594\charrsid15166594 ty}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid15166594  s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 emiconductors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  Typical 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 semicon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
ductor crystals such as germanium and sili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 con are formed by an ordered bonding of the individual a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 tom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs87\i\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs87\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid15166594 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  form the crystal structure. The bonding is attributed to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 valen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid15166594 ce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
electrons which pair up with valence elec\-trons of adjacent ato}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 ms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  to form the so-called shared }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 pair}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 or covalent bonds. Thes
e materials are of the quadrivalent type, tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 t is, each atom contains four v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 alence electro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15166594 ns}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , all of which are used in forming}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12779695  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid12779695 crystal bonds.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid12779695 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12779695 Ato}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ms having a valence of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs88\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs88\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 3+}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 5+ }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12779695 can be added to a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  pure or intrinsic semiconductor material with the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs89\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 result}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  that the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 3+ }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 atoms wil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12779695 l give rise to an unsatis\-fied b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ond with one of the valence electrons of the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs89\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  se\-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
miconductor atoms, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 5+ }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 atoms will re}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12779695 sult}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  in an extra or fr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12779695 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 e electron that is not required in the bond struc\-
ture. Electrically the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs88\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs88\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 3+}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 impurities add holes and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 5+ }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 impurities add electrons. They are called acceptor and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs89\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  donor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 impurities, respectively. Typical valence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 3+ }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
impurities used are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs90\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 bor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs90\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12779695 on}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs90\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  aluminium, indium and}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs89\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  gal\-lium. Valence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12779695 5+ }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 impurities used}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs89\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12779695  arsenic, antimony}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  and phosphorus. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12779695 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 to be continued)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid3626038\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid12779695 WORDS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1464567 AND EXPR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ESSIONS TO }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid1464567 BE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1464567  REMEMBERED:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 acceptor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid1464567 - }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e0\'ea\'f6\'e5\'ef\'f2\'ee\'f0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 bonding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f1\'e2\'ff\'e7\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 create }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f1\'ee\'e7\'e4\'e0\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f2\'e2\'ee\'f0\'e8\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 disturb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'f0\'e0\'f1\'f1\'f2\'f0\'e0\'e8\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc; \'ef\'f0\'e8\'e2\'ee\'e4\'e8\'f2\'fc \'e2 \'e1\'e5\'f1\'ef\'ee\'f0\'ff\'e4\'ee\'ea; \'ed\'e0
\'f0\'f3\'f8\'e0\'e2, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 donor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'e4\'ee\'ed\'ee\'f0
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 excitation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'e2\'ee\'e7\'e1\'f3\'e6\'e4\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12779695 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 xert}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'ee\'ea\'e0\'e7\'fb\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc (\'e4\'e5\'e9
\'f1\'f2\'e2\'e8\'e5, \'e2\'eb\'e8\'ff\'ed\'e8\'e5); \'ef\'f0\'e8\'eb\'e0\'e3\'e0\'f2\'fc (\'f3\'f1\'e8\'eb\'e8\'e5)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 extra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'eb\'e8\'f8\'ed\'e8\'e9, \'e4\'ee\'e1\'e0\'e2\'ee\'f7\'ed\'fb\'e9
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 fraction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'e4\'ee\'eb\'ff, \'f7\'e0\'f1\'f2\'fc, \'e4\'f0\'ee\'e1\'fc
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2123\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 hole}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12779695 - \'e4\'fb\'f0\'ea\'e0\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3869503 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 impurity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 -.\'ef\'f0\'e8\'ec\'e5\'f1\'fc
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 intrinsic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'ef\'f0\'e8\'f1\'f3\'f9\'e8\'e9 \'f7\'e5\'ec\'f3-\'eb\'e8\'e1\'ee, \'f1\'e2\'ee\'e9\'f1\'f2\'e2\'e5\'ed\'ed\'fb\'e9 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid1464567\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 intrinsic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12779695 semiconduc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 tion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark5}\emdash  \'f1\'ee\'e1\'f1\'f2\'e2
\'e5\'ed\'ed\'e0\'ff (\'e1\'e5\'f1\'ef\'f0\'e8\'ec\'e5\'f1\'ed\'e0\'ff)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid1464567\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'f0\'ee\'e2\'ee\'e4\'e8\'ec\'ee\'f1\'f2\'fc \'e2 \'ef\'ee\'eb\'f3\'ef\'f0\'ee\'e2\'ee\'e4\'ed\'e8\'ea\'e0\'f5 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid1464567\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s150\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1464567 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ntroduce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \emdash  \'e2\'e2\'ee\'e4\'e8\'f2\'fc }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid1464567\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 mobility}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'ef\'ee\'e4\'e2\'e8\'e6\'ed\'ee\'f1\'f2\'fc{\*\bkmkend bookmark5}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark6}product}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'ef\'f0\'ee\'e4\'f3\'ea\'f2; \'ef\'f0\'ee\'e4\'f3\'ea\'f6\'e8\'ff; \'ec\'e0\'f2. \'ef\'f0\'ee
\'e8\'e7\'e2\'e5\'e4\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5{\*\bkmkend bookmark6}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark7}random}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'e1\'e5\'f1\'ef\'ee\'f0\'ff\'e4\'ee\'f7\'ed\'fb\'e9; \'f1\'eb\'f3\'f7\'e0\'e9\'ed\'fb\'e9
{\*\bkmkend bookmark7}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark9}resistance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12779695\charrsid3869503 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f1\'ee\'ef\'f0\'ee\'f2\'e8\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5{\*\bkmkend bookmark9}
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 respectively}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid1464567\charrsid3035305 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  \'f1\'ee\'ee\'f2\'e2\'e5\'f2\'f1\'f2\'e2\'e5\'ed\'ed\'ee
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s150\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark10}scatter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'f0\'e0\'f1\'f1\'e5\'e8\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc{\*\bkmkend bookmark10}
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx5156\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 sensitive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12779695 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  \'f7\'f3\'e2\'f1\'f2\'e2\'e8\'f2\'e5\'eb\'fc\'ed\'fb\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12779695\charrsid12779695 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12779695 rather}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12779695\charrsid12779695  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12779695 then}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12779695\charrsid12779695  \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12779695 \'e0 \'ed\'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12779695\charrsid12779695 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 EXERCISES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid12779695 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid5784610 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 I.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi426\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls32\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid5784610 
Translate the following words and word combinations and learn the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610\charrsid5784610 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid5784610 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi426\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 thereby, rathe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  than }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610 thus, hence, that i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 s, in addi\-tion }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610 to, within, since, respectively,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 the same}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\sub\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 in this way, by means of, primarily}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610 , conversely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid3626038\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 II.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi426\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1701\tx414\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls32\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 Translat}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610\charrsid4131936 e }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 
the following }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610\charrsid4131936 synonyms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 :

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi426\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610 velocity -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  speed, force }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 strength }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 power, field }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid5784610 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610 
branch - area, i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 mpurity }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610 - contamin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ation, vibration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610 osci}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610\charrsid1464567 llation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , to limit }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 to restrict, adjacent }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610\charrsid1464567 neighbo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610\charrsid1464567 ring}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 contain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8330439 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8330439 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 comprise, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 use }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid5784610 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8330439 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 utilize}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5784610 apply}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 , to call -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  to name.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid8330439 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 III.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1701\tx-1560\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls32\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid8330439 
Translate the following sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439\charrsid8330439 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid8330439 , put general ques\-tions to them and give short an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439\charrsid8330439 swers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi426\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls32\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Elec
trons in a perfectly periodic potential field can be accelerated freely.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 An intrinsic semiconductor has equal concentrations of electrons and holes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The car}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 rier}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  conc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 entration and the conductivity}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  is very sensitive to temperature.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi426\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 IV}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8330439 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid8330439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid8330439 Translate the following sentences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid8330439 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi426\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls32\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The con}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
itration of charge carriers in a semicon\-ductor is characteristic of the material rather than of the content of the impurities.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 It is the resistance produced by the scattering that limits the carriers to only a drift velocity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi426\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx-1701\tx284\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4131936  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The existing classification of nonmetallic crystals into insulators and semiconductors is rather arbit\-rary.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi426\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8330439 4. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The energy gap ranges from a fraction of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 1 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8330439 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 V to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8330439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 several electron volts. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8330439 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
In a completely filled band all energy levels are occupied and consequently no electrons with ener\-gies within the energy range of the band can carry}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8330439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 an electric current. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 6. It is under the action o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 f an external electric field tha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
t free electrons are set in motion and carry elec\-tric }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid8330439 charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 with them, thus givi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 ng rise to an elec\-tric current.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 7.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 It should be born in mind that in fact only electrons move in a semiconductor, whereas the motion of holes is actually the consequence of the motion of elec\-trons.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  Semiconductors, who}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 se}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  conductivity is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 du}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid8330439 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 to the mo\-
tion of holes and electrons formed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439  as a result of the rupture of c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ovalent b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 onds are called intrinsic samic}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 ductors.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\sub\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid8330439 Answer the following}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439\charrsid8330439  questions}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8330439 1. What does the mobility of carriers mean?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8330439\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 What disturbs the periodicity of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 potentiel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 fiel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8330439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 in the crystal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 
\par 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  What do impurities, physical defects and thermal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8330439 
 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 vibration cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ? 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 
\par 4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  What l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 
imits the velocity of carriers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 5. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
What semiconductor is called intrinsic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 ?
\par 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  What are electr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 
ons in the conduction band and h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 oles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid8330439  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 in the valence band created by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ? 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 
\par 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 . What i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 s condu
ctivity sensitive to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 
\par 8.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  What}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8330439 
 is the range of the energy gap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398 
\par 9. What energy gap must }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 a ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398 terial have to be an in\-sulator}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398 10.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  What are typic
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398 al semiconductor crystals}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398 
\par 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398  wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 at way are germanium and silicon crystals formed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398 
\par VI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4131936 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 Tra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398\charrsid4131936 nslate 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398 without a dictionary:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The conductivity of any substance rises }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398\charrsid1464567 with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  the con\-
centration and speed of charge carriers capable of moving u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 er the action of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398 an elec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398\charrsid1464567 tric}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398  field (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 for instance,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 free electrons or holes in semiconduc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6229398 
tors, ions in electroly\-tes, etc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 .) as well as with the charge of the carriers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13990089 The term mobility}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 implies the ability of charge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13990089 carriers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  to move under the action of an electric field.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13990089 It i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
s numerically equal to the speed of a charged par}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13990089 ticle (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 electron, hole) which moves under the action of an electric field, having an intensity of 1 V/cm.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The mobility of charge }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13990089 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 arriers depends upon the typ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13990089 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 of crystal lattice, the chemical composition of the semi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13990089 conductor, and the number of cr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ystal defects which cause scattering of electrons. By scattering of electrons is meant a change in the magnitude and direction of electron velocity due to n}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13990089 umer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
ous collisions. Mobility characterizes the purity and perfec\-tion of a g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13990089 iven semiconductor. Impurities in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  semi\-conductors affect the periodic structure of their crystal lattice and thus reduce the mobility of charge carriers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid13990089\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2560114\charrsid3626038 \'a7 5. (CONTINUED)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Semiconductor material "doped" or "poisoned", by valence 3+ acceptor Impurities is termed p-type where\-
as material doped by valence 5+ donor material is termed n-type. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid13990089 The names are derived from the fact t}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13990089\charrsid13990089 hat the holes i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid13990089 ntroduced are considered to carry positive charges and the electrons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs92\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid13990089  negative}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid13990089  charges}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 . The number of electrons in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13990089 energy hands of the crystal is i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
ncreased by the presence of donor impu\-rities and decreas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13990089 ed by the presence of acceptor i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 m\-purities. For a given semiconductor, the relation HP = }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13990089\charrsid14037757 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid13990089\charrsid14037757 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\sub\langfenp1033\insrsid13990089\charrsid14037757 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\cf18\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13990089  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid13990089\charrsid13990089 1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 holds independent of the presence of impu\-rities. The effect of donor impurities tends to make N larger than P since the extra electrons giv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5522204 
en by the donors will be found i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
n the conduction band even in the absence of any holes in the valence band. Acceptor impurities have the opposite effect, making P larger than N.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 At sufficiently high temperatures, the intrin\-sic carrier concentration be
comes so large that the effect of a fixed amount of impurity atoms in the crystal is comparatively small and the semiconduc\-tor becomes intrinsic. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 When the carrier concentra\-tion is predominantly determined by the impurity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10622583\charrsid4131936  content, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10622583\charrsid4131936  conduction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936  of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10622583\charrsid4131936 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936  material is said to b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10622583\charrsid4131936 e extrinsic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10622583 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  There may be a range of temperature within which the impurity atoms in the material are practical\-
ly all ionized, that is, they supply a maximum number of carriers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10622583 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  Within this temperature }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10622583 
range, the so called exhaustion range, the c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 arrier concentration re\-mains nearly constant. At sufficiently low temperatu\-
res, the electrons or holes that are supplied by im\-purities become bound to the impurity atoms. Th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10622583 e con\-centration of conduction c}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 arri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10622583 ers will then}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  decrease rapidly with decreasing temperature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10622583 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Physical defect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7951246 
s in the crystal structure may h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7951246\charrsid1464567 ave}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  similar affects as donor or acceptor impurities}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7951246 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  They can also give rise to ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7951246 trinsic conductivity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi142\li284\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid3626038 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737\charrsid14037757 NP=N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737\charrsid14037757 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\sub\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737\charrsid14037757 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737\charrsid4131936 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\cf19\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737 NP equals squared N to the base i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid3232737\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s165\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs94\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark11}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs94\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 WO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs94\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737 
RDS AND EXPRESSIONS TO BE REMEMBERED
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737 bind (bound, boun}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 d) }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1049\langnp1033\insrsid3232737 \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1049\langnp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid3232737 \'f1\'e2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ff\'e7\'fb\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1049\langnp1033\insrsid3232737\charrsid3232737 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737 comparatively}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1049\langnp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f1\'f0\'e0\'e2\'ed\'e8\'f2\'e5\'eb\'fc\'ed\'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1049\langnp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkend bookmark11}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark12}consider}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid3232737\charrsid3232737 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  \'f1\'f7\'e8
\'f2\'e0\'f2\'fc, \'ef\'ee\'eb\'e0\'e3\'e0\'f2\'fc, \'f0\'e0\'f1\'f1\'ec\'e0\'f2\'f0\'e8\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid3232737\charrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkend bookmark12}\'f3\'f7\'e8\'f2\'fb\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s166\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark13}de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737\charrsid3232737  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737 from}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid3232737 - \'ef\'f0\'ee\'e8\'f1\'f5\'ee\'e4\'e8\'f2\'fc \'ee\'f2, \'ef\'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'eb\'f3\'f7\'e0\'f2
\'fc, \'e8\'e7\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ea\'e0\'f2\'fc{\*\bkmkend bookmark13}
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s165\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1049\langnp1033\insrsid3232737 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark14}d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid3232737 \'ee\'f0}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1049\langnp1033\insrsid3232737 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid3232737\charrsid3232737  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid3232737 \endash }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid3232737\charrsid3232737  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'eb\'e5\'e3\'e8\'f0\'ee\'e2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid3232737 
\'e0\'f2\'fc,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  \'ef\'f0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid3232737 \'e8\'ec\'e5\'f1\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , \'e4\'ee\'e1\'e0\'e2\'ea\'e0, \'ef\'f0\'e8\'f1\'e0\'e4\'ea\'e0{\*\bkmkend bookmark14}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark15}ex}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 haus}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid3232737\charrsid3232737 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  \'e8\'f1\'f2
\'ee\'f9\'e0\'f2\'fc, \'e8\'f1\'f7\'e5\'f0\'ef\'fb\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037 {\*\bkmkend bookmark15}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1049\langnp1033\insrsid14442440 extrinsic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid14442440\charrsid3869503  \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid14442440 \'ed\'e5\'f1\'ee\'e1\'f1\'f2\'e2\'e5\'ed\'ed\'fb\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid14442440\charrsid3869503 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1049\langnp1033\insrsid14442440 give}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid14442440\charrsid14442440  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1049\langnp1033\insrsid14442440 rise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid14442440\charrsid14442440  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1049\langnp1033\insrsid14442440 to}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid14442440\charrsid14442440  \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid14442440 \'ef\'f0\'e8\'e2\'ee\'e4\'e8\'f2\'fc \'ea \'f7\'e5\'ec\'f3-\'eb.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid14442440\charrsid14442440 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s166\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark16}i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ndependent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  \emdash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ed\'e5\'e7\'e0\'e2\'e8\'f1\'e8\'ec\'ee }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid3232737 {\*\bkmkend bookmark16}\'ee\'f2\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid3232737 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s165\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs97\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3232737\charrsid3232737 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark17}h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\ai\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs97\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3232737 old}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid3232737 - \'e8\'ec\'e5\'f2\'fc \'f1\'e8\'eb\'f3, \'f1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f7\'e8\'f2\'e0\'f2\'fc, \'ef\'ee\'eb\'e0\'e3\'e0\'f2\'fc, \'f3\'f2\'e2\'e5\'f0\'e6\'e4
\'e0\'f2\'fc{\*\bkmkend bookmark17}
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s166\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark18}nearly}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid3232737\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'ee\'f7\'f2\'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , \'ee\'ea\'ee\'eb\'ee, \'ef\'f0\'e8\'e1\'eb\'e8\'e7\'e8\'f2\'e5\'eb\'fc
\'ed\'ee{\*\bkmkend bookmark18}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark19}poison}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid9181311 \'ee\'f2\'f0\'e0\'e2\'eb\'ff\'f2\'fc, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'ee\'f0\'f2\'e8\'f2\'fc{\*\bkmkend bookmark19}
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s165\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark20}rapid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid9181311 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  \'e1\'fb\'f1\'f2\'f0\'fb\'e9
{\*\bkmkend bookmark20}
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s166\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1049\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark21}relation}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'ee\'f2\'ed\'ee\'f8\'e5\'ed\'e8
\'e5, \'f1\'ee\'ee\'f2\'ed\'ee\'f8\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid9181311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 remain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'ee\'f1\'f2\'e0\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc\'f1\'ff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid9181311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 similar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'f1\'f5\'ee\'e4\'ed\'fb\'e9, \'ef\'ee\'e4\'ee\'e1\'ed\'fb\'e9, \'ee
\'e4\'ed\'ee\'f0\'ee\'e4\'ed\'fb\'e9 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid9181311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 sufficiently}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'e4\'ee\'f1\'f2\'e0\'f2\'ee\'f7\'ed\'ee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid9181311 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 term}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - \'ed\'e0\'e7\'fb\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc; \'f2\'e5\'f0\'ec\'e8\'ed, 
{\*\bkmkend bookmark21}
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid4131936\charrsid6312309 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4131936\charrsid4131936 EXERCISES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 I.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 Analyze the s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 entences underlined in the text}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid16667372 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \li284\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid3626038 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid3626038\charrsid4131936 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16667372\charrsid4131936 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 II.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16667372\charrsid4131936 Add the suffix}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936  -ly and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16667372\charrsid4131936 
translate the following adver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16667372 bs:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16667372 free, strong, respecti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ve, essential, principal, general, empirical, sufficient, consequent, actual.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \li284\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid3626038 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid3626038\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 III.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi-720\li1004\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin1004\itap0\pararsid3626038 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 Form nouns by addi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15691326\charrsid4131936 ng }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 the suffix }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15691326\charrsid4131936 -ance }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 or -ence and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid15691326\charrsid4131936  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 translate them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
: present, disturb, resist, depend, important, app}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15691326 ear, significant, absent, differ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \li1004\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1004\itap0\pararsid3626038 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid3626038\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15691326 IV}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 Translate these words and word combinations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  and learn them:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 whereas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15691326 
, any, than then, comparatively, predominantly, nearly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , similar, independent of, extr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15691326 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15691326  actually}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid3626038\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15691326 V}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 Translate the following}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  sentences payin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15691326 g attention to the predicative i
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 nfinitive constructions:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx307\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4131936 1. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 With }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4272192 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  ri}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4272192 se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  in temperature intrinsic conductivity has been f}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ound to play an increasingly important }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 role since the electrons of a filled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4272192  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 band acquire a sufficient amount of thermal energy.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx312\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4131936 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Extrinsic conductivity }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4272192 appears to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs98\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4272192\charrsid4272192  exert}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  a great effe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4272192 
ct upon electric conductivity. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4272192 
3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  A further increase in temperature }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4272192 proved}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs98\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4272192  to}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4272192  lead}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4272192 to exhaustion of the i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 mpurity centers,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs99\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  i}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 .e., they, can no longer feed the conduction band}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs99\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  free electrons.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx302\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4131936 4. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
The electric conductivity of semiconductors at high temperatures }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4272192 was assumed to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4272192\charrsid4272192 depend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 only upon their intrinsic conductivity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx302\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls34\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Extrinsic conductivity }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4272192 is consid}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4272192\charrsid4272192 ered}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4272192  to determine}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
the conductivity of semiconductors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs100\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs100\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4272192 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  low tempe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4272192 ratures.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \li284\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx302\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid3626038 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid3626038\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4272192 
VI.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Translate without a dictionary:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 To obtain semiconductor materials of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4272192  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 definite}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs99\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  con\-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
duction type and predetermined resistivity,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs99\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  the start\-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ing material is doped with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs99\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  precisely defined}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs99\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  amount }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
of donor or acceptor impurities. Semiconductors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs99\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  whose }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 cond}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9649713 uctivity is due to impurities a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 re called extrin\-sic semiconductors.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Semiconductors whose conductivity is due to free electrons or boles}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9649713  are termed n-type and p-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
type semiconductors, respectively. In n-type semiconductors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid9649713  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9649713 number}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  of free electrons greatly exceeds that of ho\-les, and therefore electrons and holes are called majo\-rity and minority carriers, respectively. Conversely, in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9649713 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 -type se}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9649713 mi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 conductor}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9649713 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 holes are majority carriers, and electrons }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9649713  - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 minority carriers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4131936 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9649713 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2560114\charrsid3626038 \'a7 6. HALL EFFECT.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid5985128 Whether a given sample of semiconductor material is n- or p-type can be determined by observing the Hall }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128\charrsid5985128 effect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  If an electric current is caused to f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 low through a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  sample of semiconductor }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 material and a magnetic field is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 applied in a direction perpendicular to the current, the charge ca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 rriers are crowded to one side o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 f the sam\-ple, giving rise to an electric field perpendicular to both the current and t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 he magnetic field.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  This develop\-
ment of a transverse electric fi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 eld is known as the Hall effect.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  The field is directed in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  one
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  or opposite directions depending on the sign}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  the charge of the carrier.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The magnitude of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  Hall}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128  effect gives}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  an estimate of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  carrier concentration. The}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  ratio of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 the transvers electric field strength}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  product of the current and the magnetic field strength is called the hall coefficient, its magnitude being inversely pro\-portional}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 the carrier concentration. The coeffici\-ent of proportionality involves a facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  which depends on th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  energy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  distribution
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  the carriers a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 nd the way in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 ich the carriers are scattered i}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 n the motion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The situation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  is more complicated when more than one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  type }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 of c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 arrier is important for the conduction. The Hall coefficient then}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  depends}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128  on the conc}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128\charrsid1464567 entra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 tions}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  of the various types o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 f carriers and their relative mobilities}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs102\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The product of the Hall coefficient and the con\-ductivity}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128  is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 proportional to the mobility of the carriers when one type of carrier is dominant. The proportionality involves the same factor which is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid5985128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 contai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ned in the relationship between the Hall coeffi\-cient a}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 nd the carrier concentration. T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 he value obtained by }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 taking this factor to be unity i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
s referred to as the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid5985128 Hall mobility}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid5985128 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s167\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs104\b0\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4131936 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark22}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs104\b0\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 WORDS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs105\b0\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs105\b0\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 ND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs105\b0\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  EXPRESSIONS TO BE REMEMBERED:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
{\*\bkmkend bookmark22}
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 complicated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f1\'eb\'ee\'e6\'ed\'fb\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs106\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 crowd -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid5985128\charrsid1464567 \'f2\'e5\'f1\'ed\'e8\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e2\'fb\'f2\'e5\'f1\'ed\'ff\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 differ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid5985128 \'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f2\'eb\'e8\'f7\'e0\'f2\'fc\'f1\'ff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 dominant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e4\'ee\'ec\'e8\'ed\'e8\'f0
\'f3\'fe\'f9\'e8\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 stimate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid5985128 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ee\'f6\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ee\'ef\'f0\'e5\'e4\'e5\'eb\'ff\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ee\'f6\'e5\'ed\'ea\'e0}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'ee\'e4\'f1\'f7\'b8\'f2}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10573656\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 flow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f2\'e5\'f7\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 ; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid5985128 \'ef}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ee\'f2\'ee\'ea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10573656\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 inverse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid5985128 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'f0\'ee\'f2\'e8\'e2\'ee\'ef\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e6\'ed\'fb\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 , }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ee\'e1\'f0\'e0\'f2\'ed\'fb\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10573656\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 involve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid5985128 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e2\'ee\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ea\'e0\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e2\'ea\'eb\'fe\'f7\'e0\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid3735874 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e5\'e1\'ff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10573656\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 magnitude}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e2\'e5\'eb\'e8\'f7\'e8\'ed
\'e0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f0\'e0\'e7\'ec\'e5\'f0}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10573656\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 opposite}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'f0\'ee\'f2\'e8\'e2\'ee
\'ef\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e6\'ed\'fb\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10573656\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 refer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid5985128\charrsid5985128 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f3\'ea\'e0\'e7\'fb\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ed\'e0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 ...; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f3\'ef\'ee\'ec\'e8\'ed\'e0\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 , ( }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 referred}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ed\'e0\'e7\'fb\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc\'f1\'ff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10573656\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 relationship}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid5985128 \'ee\'f2\'ed\'ee\'f8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e7\'e0\'e2\'e8\'f1\'e8\'ec\'ee\'f1\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10573656\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 relative}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid3735874\charrsid5985128 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ee\'f2\'ed\'ee\'f1\'e8\'f2\'e5\'eb\'fc\'ed\'fb\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10573656\charrsid5985128 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5985128 sampl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ee\'e1\'f0\'e0\'e7\'e5\'f6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ec\'ee\'e4\'e5\'eb\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10573656\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 scatter}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid3735874\charrsid5985128 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'f0\'e0\'f1\'f1\'e5\'e8\'e2\'e0\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10573656\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 transverse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'ee\'ef\'e5\'f0\'e5\'f7
\'ed\'fb\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10573656\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 unity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid10573656  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid10573656 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e5\'e4\'e8\'ed\'e8\'f6\'e0}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid10573656  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid10573656\charrsid10573656 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 value}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid10573656  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid3735874\charrsid5985128 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid10573656  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e7\'ed\'e0\'f7\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid10573656 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'e2\'e5\'eb\'e8\'f7\'e8\'ed\'e0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid10573656 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s167\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2898\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4131936 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark23}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4131936\charrsid4131936 EXERCISES:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid4131936 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s167 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid4131936 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 I.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s167\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls22\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid4131936 
Translate the following words as verbs and nouns:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid9375896\charrsid4131936 {\*\bkmkend bookmark23}
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s167\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid1464567 flow, crowd, charge, rise, effect,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid9375896  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896 estimate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid9375896  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid1464567 range, point.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s167 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid4131936 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 II.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s167\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls22\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid4131936 
Arrange the following words into the groups of synonyms:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid9375896\charrsid4131936 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid1464567 determine, observe, cause, sample, field}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid1464567  magnitude}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid9375896\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid9375896 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1036\langfe1036\langnp1036\langfenp1036\insrsid9375896\charrsid1464567 volve, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid1464567 mportant, various, obtain, way, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896 define, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid1464567 get,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896  sig}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid1464567 nificant, include, branch, force, watch, pattern, value,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid1464567 receive, make, different, means. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s167 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid4131936 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 III.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s167\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls22\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid4131936 Translate the following sentences: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s167\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2898\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid1464567 1. By observing the Hall effect one can}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896  determine the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid1464567 type of semiconductor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896\charrsid1464567 material}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896 .
\par 2.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 On applying a magnetic field in a di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896 
rection per\-pendicular- to the c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 urrent it is possible to make the charg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  carriers crowd to one side of the sam\-ple.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Whether the field is directed in one or opposite direction depends on the sign of the carrier.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx476\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896 4.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4131936  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The value referred to as the H}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896 all coefficient de\-pends on concentrations of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
various types of carriers and their relative mobilities.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx466\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4131936 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9375896 5.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4131936  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5126013 he Hall effect is used to tell i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 f }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5126013\charrsid1464567 current}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  car\-r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5126013 iers are negative or positive (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 electrons or holes)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5126013 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5126013 hich}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  is ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5126013 ry important for finding out their mobility in different materials.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8416201 IV. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8416201\charrsid4131936 Answer the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs109\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 following }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs109\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8416201\charrsid4131936 questions:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs110\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs110\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8416201 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs110\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  In.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  what way can the type of semiconductor}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs111\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8416201  materi\-a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs111\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8416201  b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 e determined?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx462\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs111\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8416201 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs111\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4131936  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs111\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 When}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8416201  is the Hall effect observed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx466\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs111\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8416201 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs111\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4131936  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs111\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  what direction}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs111\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  the developed electric field directed}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8416201 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8416201 4.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4131936  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 What does }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8416201 the magn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 itude of the Hall effect show? }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8416201 
\par 5.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  What }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid4131936 do we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid8416201  call the Hall coefficient}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid8416201\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656\charrsid3626038 \'a7 7.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038  SEMICO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537\charrsid3626038 NDUCTOR}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038  MATERIALS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s148\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs16\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs16\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 Elementa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs109\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid4131936 l semiconductors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs109\b0\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  The group }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 chemical ele\-ments which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs110\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs110\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537\charrsid1464567 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537 emi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537\charrsid1464567 conductors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537  includes germani}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 um, si}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537 licon, grey (crystalline) tin, selenium, tellurium and bo}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ron. Germanium, silicon and grey tin belong to group IV of the periodic table and have crystal struc\-tures similar to that of d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537 iamond. Germanium and sili\-con are two of the best known semiconductors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 . They are used extensively in devices such as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537\charrsid1464567 rectif}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537 iers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  and transistors. Grey tin is a form of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537  tin which is stable below 13\'b0 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
. White tin, which is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537 stable at higher temperatures, is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  metallic.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537  Grey tin has a small energy ga}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 p and a rather large in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537 trinsic con\-ductivity, about 5x}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537\charrsid7175537 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs110\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ohm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs110\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537\charrsid7175537 -1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs110\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  cm}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs110\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537\charrsid7175537 -1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  at room }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537\charrsid1464567 temperatu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7175537 re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14037757  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid14037757 The n-type and p-type grey tin can be obtained by adding aluminium and antimony, respectively.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\insrsid12848037\charrsid14037757 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 emiconducting compounds. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'c0}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14037757 large}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  number of com\-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 po}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14037757 unds are known to be sem}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14037757\charrsid1464567 
iconductors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14037757 
 Copper (I) oxide (C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1909647 u}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\sub\langfenp1033\insrsid1909647\charrsid1909647 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 O) and mer}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1909647 cury (II) indium telluride (HgIn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\sub\langfenp1033\insrsid1909647\charrsid1909647 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Te}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\sub\langfenp1033\insrsid1909647\charrsid1909647 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
) are examples of binary and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1909647 ternary com\-pounds. The series z}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ine sulfide (Zn S)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1909647 zinc sele}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 nide (Zn Se), zinc telluride (Zn }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'d2\'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid1909647 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 and the se\-ries zinc selenide (Zn Se), cadmium selenide (Gd }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'c1\'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 and mercury (II) selenide (Hg Se) are examples of binary com}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1909647 poun}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
ds consisting of a given element in combinations with various elements of another co\-lumn in the periodic table}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid1909647 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
A group of semiconducting compounds of the simple AB type consists of elements from columns symmetrically placed with respect to column }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid5246636 IV}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 of the p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5246636 eriodic table. Indium antimonide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  (In Sb)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5246636 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 admium telluride (Cd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'d2\'e5}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5246636 and silver iodide (Ag}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  I) are examples of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5246636 III-V, II-IV, and I-VI}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  compounds }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 - }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 respectively. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid5246636 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 to be continued)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid3626038\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid2560114 WORDS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid5246636\charrsid2560114 \'c0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid5246636\charrsid2560114 ND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid2560114  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5246636\charrsid2560114 EXPRESSIONS TO }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid2560114 B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5246636\charrsid2560114 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid2560114  REMEMBER}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6312309 ED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5246636\charrsid2560114 :
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 belong}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid6312309  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid6312309 ) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid6312309 -}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\charscalex66\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid6312309  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid877110 \'ef\'f0\'e8\'ed\'e0\'e4\'eb\'e5\'e6\'e0\'f2\'fc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid6312309 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid877110 \'ee\'f2\'ed\'ee\'f1\'e8
\'f2\'fc\'f1\'ff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid6312309  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid877110 \'ea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid6312309  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid877110 \'f7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid6312309 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid5246636\charrsid877110 \'eb}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\charscalex66\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid6312309 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\charscalex66\langnp1049\insrsid5246636\charrsid6312309 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid6312309 diamond}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid877110  -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid6312309  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid5246636\charrsid877110 \'e0\'eb\'ec\'e0\'e7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid5246636\charrsid6312309  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid5246636\charrsid877110 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5246636\charrsid877110 extensively }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid5246636\charrsid877110 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\charscalex66\insrsid5246636\charrsid877110  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid5246636\charrsid877110 \'f8\'e8\'f0\'ee\'ea
\'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs113\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid5246636\charrsid877110 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s155\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af2\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f2\fs22\lang1049\langfe1049\charscalex66\cgrid\langnp1049\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs114\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\charscalex100\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid5246636\charrsid877110 respectively }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs114\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1049\charscalex100\langnp1033\insrsid5246636\charrsid877110 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1049\langnp1033\insrsid5246636\charrsid877110  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs113\b0\f0\fs24\charscalex100\insrsid5246636\charrsid877110 \'f1\'ee\'ee\'f2\'e2\'e5\'f2\'f1\'f2\'e2\'e5\'ed\'ed\'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs113\b0\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe1049\charscalex100\langnp1033\insrsid5246636\charrsid877110 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab0\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs113\b0\f0\fs24\charscalex100\insrsid5246636\charrsid877110 similar - \'f1\'f5\'ee\'e4\'ed\'fb\'e9, \'ef\'ee\'e4\'ee\'e1\'ed\'fb\'e9;
\par with respect to - \'e2 \'ee\'f2\'ed\'ee\'f8\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e8, \'ee\'f2\'ed\'ee\'f1\'e8\'f2\'e5\'eb\'fc\'ed\'ee
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid877110\charrsid6312309 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7799800\charrsid1464567 EXERCISES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid7799800\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7799800\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 I.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid877110 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7799800\charrsid1464567 Analyze the underlined sentences}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid3626038 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \li284\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid3626038 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s71 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7799800\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 II.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid877110 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7799800\charrsid1464567 Translate the following}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7799800\charrsid7799800  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7799800\charrsid1464567 nouns}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7799800 , pay }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774 attention}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7799800  to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7799800\charrsid1464567 suffixes -er, -or}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid877110 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7799800\charrsid7799800 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx284\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid877110 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7799800\charrsid1464567 rectifier, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14494472 conduc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7799800\charrsid1464567 tor, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14494472 resistor, director, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7799800\charrsid1464567 varisto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14494472 r, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14494472\charrsid1464567 observer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14494472 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7799800\charrsid1464567 mover.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7799800 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid877110 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774 III.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid877110  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14494472\charrsid1464567 Give short negative or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14494472\charrsid14494472  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14494472\charrsid1464567 positive }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14494472 answers}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14494472\charrsid1464567  to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14494472  following }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774 questions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14494472 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx284\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid9522774 A.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid9522774\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656\charrsid1464567 1. Does the group of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774  chemical elements which are se}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 conductors include germanium, silicon, grey tin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 , selenium, tellurium and boron}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?
\par 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Have germanium, silicon and grey tin crystal structure similar to the structure of diamond?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774  Are germanium }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
and silicon used extensively in such device}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 s as rectifiers and transistors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?
\par 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid10573656 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Is grey tin stable at temperatures below }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid9522774 13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f43\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid9522774 \'b0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 C?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx352\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 5. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Han grey tin a small energy gap}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx347\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 6. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Can n-type and p-type grey tin be }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid9522774 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774\charrsid9522774 btain}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid9522774 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 by adding alum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 inium and antimony respectively}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s170\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel0\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkstart bookmark24}B.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 {\*\bkmkend bookmark24}
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx362\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774  Do germaniu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 m, silicon and grey tin belong to}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774 group}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656  II of the periodic table}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx352\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Are germanium and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774 silicon}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  two of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774  th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 e least known semiconductors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid10573656 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Is white ti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 n non-metallic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?
\par 4. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1049\langnp1049\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 \'cd\'e0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid9522774 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 grey tin }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 a larg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656  extrinsic conductivity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid10573656 5.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Have selenium and t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 ellurium a different struc\-ture}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid10573656 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Has selenium been widely used for m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 aking }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774 resistors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656  and vari}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774 stors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 ?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid9522774\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774 IV}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774\charrsid877110 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid877110  Trans}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3869503\charrsid877110 late}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3869503  into Russian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx347\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 At }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 very high }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774\charrsid1464567 temperature}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 silicon combines di\-
rectly with nitrogen and carbon to form silicon nitride and silicon carbide respectively.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx362\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 2.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 The difference between a donor or an acceptor is that a donor, for example, phosphorus atom, having an excessive electron with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774\charrsid1464567 respect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  to a silicon atom forms}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs116\i\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs116\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid9522774 an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
 extra electron, whereas an acceptor, for example boron, lacking on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9522774 e electron}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799\charrsid1464567 respect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799  to the same atom of sili}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
, forms one empty bond or hole.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid10573656 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Semiconductors whose conductivity is due to free }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799 electrons or holes are termed n-type and p-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 type semiconductors respectively.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s71\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx4317\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 4. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Atoms of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799 
the elements located i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 n group V of Mendeleyev}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799 \rquote s  Periodic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  System (P,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 As,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567 Sb) are donors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12848037\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799 They are insoluble in hydrochloric acid (HCL), nitric acid (HNO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\sub\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799\charrsid7494799 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799 ), and cold sulphuric acid (H}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\sub\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799\charrsid7494799 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799 SO}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\sub\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799\charrsid7494799 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799\charrsid7494799 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799 . Germanium used in the
 manufacture of semiconductor devices should be of very high purity. To impart the desired properties to germanium it is generally doped with minute quantities of impurities. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14561365 V. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid877110 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14561365 a) Give examples of elemental semiconductors and say where they are used.
\par b)  Give examples of binary and ternary compounds and say what they consist of.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7494799 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 \rtlch\fcs1 \af2\afs17\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f2\fs17\expnd-2\expndtw-10\lang1033\langfe1049\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1049 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656\charrsid3626038 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3626038 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656\charrsid3626038 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3869503\charrsid3626038  APPLICATION \'ceF}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3626038 
 SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS (continued).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 The various III-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
V compounds are being studied ex\-
tensively, and many practical applications have been found for those materials. Some of these compounds have the highest carrier nobilities known for semiconductors. The compounds have zincblende crystal structure which is geometrically similar to the dia
mond }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 tructure }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 possessed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739 by}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739  the elemental }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739 semiconductors}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 , germanium and sili\-con, of column IV, except that the four nearest neigh\-bors of each atom are a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 toms of the other kind. The II-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
VI compounds, zinc sulf}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 ide (ZnS) and cadmium sulfide (C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 dS) are used in photoconductive devices. Zinc sulfide is also used as a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid877110 luminescent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  material.
\par Binary compounds of the group-lead sulfide (PbS), lead selenide (PbSe), }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 and lead telluride (PbTe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ) are sensitive in photoconductivity and are used as detec\-tors of infrared radiation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739 The c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739 
ompounds, bismuth telluride (Bi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\sub\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739 Te}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\sub\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739 ) and bismuth selenide (Bi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\sub\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739 Se}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\sub\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739 
), consisting o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739 f heavy atoms, are found to be g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739 ood materials for thermocouples used for refrigeration or for conversion of heat to electrical energy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 .
\par The metal oxides usually have large energy gaps. Thus, pure oxides are usually insulators of high resistivity. However, it may be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid1464567 possible}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739  to i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ntroduce into some of the oxides impurities of low ionization energies and thus obtain relatively good extrinsic c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 onduction. Copper (I) oxide (Cu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\sub\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 O) was one of the first semiconductors used for rectifiers and photo\-
cells. A number of oxide semiconductors can be obtained by replacing some o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 f the normal metal atoms }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 with metal atoms of one more or less valency}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739 1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  The method is called controlled valence. An example of such a semiconductor is nickel oxide containing li\-thium.
\par NOTES TO THE TEXT:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1049\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li720\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls24\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739 ... }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 with}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 metal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 atom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 more}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 less}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 valency}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739  - }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 \'e0
\'f2\'ee\'ec\'e0\'ec\'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305 \'ec\'e5\'f2\'e0\'eb\'eb\'ee\'e2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305 \'f1}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305 \'e1\'ee\'eb\'e5\'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305 \'e2\'fb\'f1\'ee
\'ea\'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 \'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 \'e8\'eb\'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305 \'e1\'ee\'eb\'e5\'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305 \'ed\'e8\'e7\'ea
\'ee\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305 \'e2\'e0\'eb\'e5\'ed\'f2\'ed\'ee\'f1\'f2\'fc\'fe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 WORDS AMP EXPRESSIONS \'d2\'ce BE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739  REM}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739 MB}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 ERED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 detector}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739\charrsid13117739  - \'e4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 \'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13117739 \'f2\'e5\'ea\'f2\'ee\'f0
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 except}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739  - \'e7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305 
\'e0 \'e8\'f1\'ea\'eb\'fe\'f7\'e5\'ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 \'e8\'e5\'ec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305  (\'f2\'ee\'e3\'ee, \'f7\'f2\'ee) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 \'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid6312309  - }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305 \'f1\'e2\'e8\'ed\'e5\'f6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid6312309 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 neighbor (neighbour) - \'f1\'ee\'f1\'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13117739 \'e4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
\par possess - \'ee\'e1\'eb\'e0\'e4\'e0\'f2\'fc
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10576160 replace -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10576160\charrsid6312309  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10576160 \'e7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid10576160 \'e0\'ec}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 \'e5\'f9\'e0\'f2\'fc
\par sensitive - \'f7\'f3\'e2\'f1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid10576160 \'f2\'e2\'e8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10576160 \'f2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid10576160 \'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10576160 \'eb\'fc\'ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid10576160 \'fb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 \'e9
\par thermocouple - \'f2\'e5\'f0\'ec\'ee\'ef\'e0\'f0\'e0
\par zincblende - (ZnS) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid10576160 \'f6\'e8\'ed\'ea\'ee\'e2\'e0\'ff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10576160\charrsid6312309  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid10576160 \'ee\'e1\'ec\'e0\'ed\'ea\'e0}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10576160\charrsid6312309 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 EXERCISES:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 I.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1560\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 Analyze the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716\charrsid877110 underlined sentences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \li284\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx-1560\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid3626038 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038\charrsid877110 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid854938\charrsid877110 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 II.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx-1560\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid854938\charrsid877110 
Give derivatives of the following words and translate them into Russian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 :
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid854938 
apply; move}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716 ; heat (v.n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid854938 .);}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  resis\-t;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 relate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid854938 
; refrigerate; convert; pure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 III.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls25\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 
Arrange the following words into the groups of antonyms:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 various, the highest, obtain, extrinsic, the nearest, good, heat, pure, insulator, well,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716  intrinsic, the lowest, lose, si}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
milar, the farthest, bad, cold, conta\-minated, conductor, badly.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716 IV.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9196891  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716\charrsid877110 Answer the following q}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 
uestions:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid854938  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 What compounds are being studied extensively?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716 2. F}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
or what materials have many applications been found?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716 3.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  What struct}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716 ure do the III-V compounds have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716 4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
 What compounds are used in photoconductive devices?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716 5. What compound is use}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 d as a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716\charrsid877110 luminescent}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  material?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716 6. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
What materials are used for thermocou}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716 ples}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716 7. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
In what way is good extr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716 insic conduction of oxides obtain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716\charrsid1464567 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid655716 V. Ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ke a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 annotation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  of the text.
\par Along with germanium, silicon is a principal se\-miconducting material.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3754433 Due}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
 to the greater width of the energy gap, the intrinsic conduction of silicon is manifested }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3754433 at much higher temperatures then}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  that of germanium. Therefore, silicon devices can operate n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3754433 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 rmally at ambient temperatures as high as 150\'b0
C. In addition, the greater energy gap in silicon ena}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3754433 bles the rever\-se currents in p-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 n junctions to be drastically re\-d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3754433 
uced. The reverse currents in p-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 n junctions for silicon are three orders less than those for germa\-
nium. For these reasons silicon is naturally one of the most promising starting materials in s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3754433 emi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 conducting electronics.
\par Apart from oxygen, silicon is the most abundant element in nature. It accounts for 1/4 of the earth's crust weight. Numerous silicon compounds make up the great majority of rocks (granites, gneisses,
 and basalts) and minerals (quartz, felspar, mica), sand and clay, which represent the mineral component of the soil, are likewise silicon compounds. The most typical compound of silicon is silicon dioxide, Si}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3754433 O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\sub\langfenp1033\insrsid3754433\charrsid3754433 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 . Free silicon dioxide occurs in nature mainl
y in the form of the mineral quartz. Silicon does not occur in nature in the free state, it is obtained in an amorphous or crysta}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3754433 
lline form depending on the con}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ditions of its preparation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3754433\charrsid1464567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3626038 \'a7 9. PREPARATION OF MATERIALS
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 The properties of semiconductors are extremely sensitive to the presence of impurities. It is there\-fore des}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13443336 irable to start with the purest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
available materials and introduce a controlled amount of desired impurity. The zone refining me\-thod is often used for further purification of ob\-tainable materials. The floating zone technique can be used if feasible to prevent any contamina\-
tion of molten material by contact with crucible.
\par For basic studies, as well as for many practi\-cal applications, it is desirable to use single }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13443336 crystals. Various methods are us}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ed for growing crystals of different materials. For many semi\-
conductors, including germanium, silicon, and the III-V compounds, the Czochralski method is used. The method of condensation from the vapor phase is used to grow crystals of a number of semiconductors, for instance, selenium and zinc sulfide.
\par For materials of high melting points, such as various metal oxides, flame fusion may be used.
\par The introducti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13443336 on of impurities, or doping can}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  be accomplished by simply adding the desired quan\-tity to the melt from which the crystal is grown. Normally, the impurity has a small segregation co\-
efficient, which is the ratio of equilibrium con\-centrations in the solid and the liquid phases of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13443336  material. In order to obtain a }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 desired impuri\-ty content in the crystal, the amount added to the melt must give an appropriately larger concentra\-
tion in the liquid. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13443336 When the amount to be added i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13443336\charrsid13443336 s very small, a preliminary ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid13443336 
ot is often made with a larger content of the doping; agent; a small slice of the ingot is then used to dope the next melt ac\-curately. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 Impurities }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13443336 which have large diffu}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 sion constants in the material can be introduced direct\-ly by holding the solid material at an elevated temperature while this material is 
in contact with the doping agent in the solid or the vapor phase. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13443336 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid877110 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS TO B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13443336 E REMEMBERED
\par cont}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 amination - \'e7\'e0\'e3\'f0\'ff\'e7\'ed\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13443336 
\par crucible -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  \'f2\'e8\'e3\'e5\'eb\'fc
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13443336 ingot}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  - \'f1\'eb
\'e8\'f2\'ee\'ea, \'e1\'ee\'eb\'e2\'e0\'ed\'ea\'e0
\par zone refining - \'e7\'ee\'ed\'ed\'e0\'ff \'ee\'f7\'e8\'f1\'f2\'ea\'e0
\par flame fusion - \'ef\'eb\'e0\'ec\'e5\'ed\'ed\'e0\'ff \'ef\'eb\'e0\'e2\'ea\'e0
\par floating zone - \'ef\'eb\'e0\'e2\'e0\'fe\'f9\'e0\'ff \'e7\'ee\'ed\'e0
\par doping agent - \'eb\'e5\'e3\'e8\'f0\'f3\'fe\'f9\'e5\'e5 \'e2\'e5\'f9\'e5\'f1\'f2\'e2\'ee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13443336 to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13443336\charrsid13443336  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13443336 segregate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13443336\charrsid13443336  \endash  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13443336 \'ee\'f2\'e4\'e5\'eb
\'ff\'f2\'fc (-\'f1\'ff), \'e2\'fb\'e4\'e5\'eb\'ff\'f2\'fc (-\'f1\'ff)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid13443336\charrsid13443336 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 segregation coefficient - \'ea\'ee\'fd\'f4\'f4\'e8\'f6\'e8\'e5\'ed\'f2 \'f1\'e5\'e3\'f0\'e5\'e3\'e0\'f6\'e8\'e8
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12407603\charrsid6312309 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12407603 XERCISES}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
\par I. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 Put questions to the underlined parts of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid13714942\charrsid877110 following }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 sentences}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 :
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14701626 1. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
The properties of semiconductors ar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14701626 e extremely sensitive to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14701626\charrsid14701626 the prese}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid14701626 nce of impurities}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14701626 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
The zone refining method is often used }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid14701626 for fur\-ther purification of obtainable materials}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 .
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14701626 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
The method of condensation from the vapor phase is used }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid14701626 to grow crystals of a number of semiconductors.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14701626 4. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
The introduction of impurities can be accompli\-shed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid14701626 by adding the desi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14701626\charrsid14701626 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid14701626 ed quantity to the melt }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid14701626 from which the crystal is grown.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx4714\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid877110 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 II. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 Analyze the underlined sentences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 :}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid877110\charrsid877110 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14701626\charrsid877110 III. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 Translate the following adjectives and give}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14701626\charrsid877110  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 verbs of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14701626\charrsid877110 same}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110  root}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14701626 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 desirable, available, control}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14701626 lable, obtainable, applicable, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6900757 onsiderable, variable, suitable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14701626 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14701626 V}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 . Translate the following pairs of nouns:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14701626 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 segregation coefficient, vapor phase, equilibrium concentration, diffusion constant, solid phase, flame fusion,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6900757  liquid phase, impurity content, floating zone, molten material}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14701626 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 V. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 Answer the following questions:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6900757 1. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
What are the properties }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 of semiconductors sen\-sitive to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6900757 2. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
What materials must be used for obtaining semicondu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 ctors with desirable properties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6900757 3. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
What method is used for purification of obtai\-nable materials?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6900757 4. What i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 s the f}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid15866707 loating zone technique used for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6900757 5. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
What crystals is it desirable to use }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 for many practical applications}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6900757 6. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
What method is used to grow crystal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 s of sele\-nium and zinc sulfide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6900757 7. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
By what technique are semiconductor materials of high melting points prepared?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid6900757 8. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
In what way can the introductio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656 n of impurities be accomplished}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 VI. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 Translate without a dictionary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid877110 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid877110 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 The preparation of high-purity silicon single crystals suitable for the fabricat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3042609 ion of semicon\-ductor devices is m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
uch more complicated than for germanium. This can be attribute}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3042609 d to two properti\-es of silicon:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls26\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid877110 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 the high chemical reactiv
ity of molten silicon which reacts with crucible materials;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3042609 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3042609  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
the different distribution coefficients of a number of impurities in silicon, above all boron, 0.9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3042609 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  For this reason metallurgical methods alone cannot provide the required degree of silicon purification.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid877110 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 Several chemical methods for preparin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3042609 g especial\-
ly pure silicon are a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 vailable at present.
\par The trichlorosilane method is now the most wide\-ly used method for the preparation of pure silicon. In this technique, commercial silicon contai}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3042609 
ning an appreciable amount of impurities, such as iron and alum}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 inium silicates, iron, c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3042609 alcium, and magnesium silicides}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
 is treated with a mixture of acids which readily react with these impurities and do not dis\-solve silicon or dissolve it only slightly.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14091202\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid877110 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656\charrsid3626038 \'a7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3626038 10. THERMALLY IN}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14751483\charrsid3626038 DUCED CHANGES IN RESISTIVITY OF}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656\charrsid3626038  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14751483\charrsid3626038 GERMANIUM AN}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3626038 D SILICON
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14751483 It was found s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
ome time ago that if germanium were heated to a temperature}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14751483  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid14751483\charrsid14751483 1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  above 600\'b0
C and rapidly cooled th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14751483 e resistivity changed due to an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 increase in the number of acceptor centers. The number of acceptors was found to increase with the temperature of heat treatment o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14751483 ver a wide range of temperature. N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
-type germanium can be converted to p-type by heat treatment of this kind.
\par Several investigations have been carried out to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12668388  determine the nature of thes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 e thermal acceptors, whose activation energy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12668388 
 is in the region of 0.03 e.v. S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 uch centers ca}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12668388 n be caused by either defects }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
in the lattice structure of the material or by the fast dif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12668388 fusion of impurity atoms into the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  semicon\-ductor. It has been shown that the lattice defects that are produced in germanium by nucleon bombard\-ment can give rise to acceptor and donor levels.

\par However, there is strong evidence that in many cases the acceptor levels produced thermally in germanium are du}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12668388 e to diffusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  of impurities from the surface at a high rat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12668388 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
. Copper is particularly important impurity, and experiments have been performed to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12668388\charrsid1464567 demonstrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12668388 ts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12668388 ffect on germanium. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12668388\charrsid12668388 Samples of g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid12668388 erm}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12668388\charrsid12668388 anium heated in hydrogen in a pe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid12668388 rfectly clean enclosure were found to be free from large resistivity changes, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid12668388 whereas when a trace of copper was added to the system the thermally induced acceptors were found. Furt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 her evidence relating the diffusion rate of copper in germa\-nium with that of thermal acceptors has been pro\-duced. The produced evidence supports the hypo\-
thesis that copper is the main agent responsible for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid12668388  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid12668388\charrsid12668388 2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  thermal acceptor formation.

\par Changes in resistivity on heat treatment have also been observed in silicon, but these are some\-what different in character, and are at present incompletely understood. In some single crystals of silicon grown from t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894 he melt, heat treatment in the range 300\'b0-500\'b0C. causes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  large changes in the concentration of donor centers. In many cases hundreds of hours are required for equilibrium to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid10573656  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894 be r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 eached.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3101894 The heat treatment effects in silicon are found to be closely connected with the conditions un}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894\charrsid3101894 der which the crystal was grown}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894 , }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
and crystals which have grown from the melt using a seed crystal show most marked heat treatment effects when rotation of the seed with respect t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894 
o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  the melt has been used.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894 NOTES T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 O THE TEXT:

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li720\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls27\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
... if germanium were heated to a temperature... - \'e5\'f1\'eb\'e8 \'e3\'e5\'f0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894 \'ec\'e0\'ed\'e8\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894  \'ed\'e0\'e3\'f0\'e5\'f2\'fc \'e4\'ee \'f2\'e5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894 
\'ec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 \'ef\'e5\'f0\'e0\'f2\'f3\'f0\'fb}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894\charrsid3101894 \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894\charrsid6312309 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894\charrsid6312309  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894 ...}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894\charrsid3101894  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 agent responsible for ... - \'ea\'ee
\'ec\'ef\'ee\'ed\'e5\'ed\'f2, \'ee\'e1\'fa\'ff\'f1\-\'ed\'ff\'fe\'f9\'e8\'e9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894\charrsid3101894 \'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894\charrsid6312309 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 WORDS \'c0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894 ND}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  EXPRESSIONS \'d2\'ce BE R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894 EMEMBERED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 :
\par cool}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305  - \'ee\'f5\'eb\'e0\'e6\'e4\'e0\'f2\'fc (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894\charrsid6312309 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305 \'f1\'ff)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305  - \'e4\'e0\'ed\'ed\'fb\'e5, \'e4\'ee\'ea\'e0\'e7\'e0\'f2\'e5\'eb\'fc\'f1\'f2\'e2\'e0
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 relate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894 
 - \'e8\'ec}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305 \'e5\'f2\'fc \'ee\'f2\'ed\'ee\'f8\'e5\'ed\'e8\'e5
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 rate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894  - 
\'f1\'ea\'ee\'f0\'ee\'f1\'f2\'fc, \'f2\'e5\'ec\'ef}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 reach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305  - \'e4\'ee\'f1\'f2\'e8\'e3\'e0\'f2\'fc
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 trace}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305  - \'ef\'f0\'ee\'f1\'eb\'e5\'e4\'e8\'f2\'fc; \'f1\'eb\'e5\'e4, \'f7\'e5\'f0\'f2\'e0
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx-1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 treatment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305  - \'ee\'e1\'f0\'e0
\'e1\'ee\'f2\'ea\'e0
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 seed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305  - \'e7\'e0\'f2\'f0\'e0
\'e2\'ea\'e0
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 surface}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid3035305  - \'ef\'ee\'e2\'e5\'f0\'f5\'ed\'ee\'f1\'f2\'fc
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 whereas - \'f2\'ee\'e3\'e4\'e0 \'ea\'e0\'ea
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1049\langfe1033\langnp1049\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 EXERCISES
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 I.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 Analyze the underlined sentences.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 II.\tab}Translate the follow}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894\charrsid877110 ing words as verbs and as nouns:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 heat, increase, trace, measure,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894 
 support, cause, use, change, influence, melt}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 III.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894\charrsid877110 ranslate the following synonyms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894 :}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 rapidly -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 quickly, investigation - exploration,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894  de\-
termine - define, cause - make - force, rate -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  speed
\par velocity, important - significant, demonstrate - show, relating }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894 - concerning, reach - achieve, c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 onnect}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3101894  -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid11556188\charrsid11556188  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
link, with respect to - with regard to.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 IV.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 
Pick out from the text sentences with various functions of "th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1849846\charrsid877110 at" and carefully translate them}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid1849846 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 V.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 Translate the following sentences}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 :

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li142\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin142\itap0\pararsid877110 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
With an increase in temperature impurity elec\-trons will be the first to break loose from the covalent bonds as the activation energy of im\-purities is less than that of semiconductor atoms.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7502850 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7502850 It w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ill be recalled that conductivity in crys\-
tals of non-metallic structure, and consequen\-tly in semiconductors, is determined by the ac\-tivation energy and temperature.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}At 0\'b0
K the state of the conduction and valence bands of an extrinsic semiconductor do not differ in any way from that of an intrinsic semiconduc\-tors.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}
There is evidence that the formation of free electrons at the expense of donors is not neces\-sarily a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7502850 ccom}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 panied by t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7502850 he formation of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 holes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \li426\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin426\itap0\pararsid3626038 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038\charrsid1464567 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 VI.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid877110 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 Answer the following }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7502850\charrsid877110 questions:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi142\li284\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls30\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid877110 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 
What happens to germanium if it were heated to a temperatur}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid14091202 e above 600\'b0 and rapidly cooled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}How does}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9320985  the number of acceptors change}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}What factors cause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9320985  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7502850 centers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9320985  of thermal accep\-tors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}What impurity is particularly important }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9320985 for in\-ducing thermal acceptors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}Wha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid7502850 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  was found when samples of germanium w}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9320985 ere heated in a clean enclosure}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ?

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}In what other material have change}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9320985 s in resisti\-vity been observed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ?
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s145 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}What are heat treatment effects in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9320985 silicon clo\-sely connected with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 ?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2632699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid3626038 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9320985 VII.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 Translate without a dictionary:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s145\ql \fi284\li0\ri0\sa120\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid877110 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567 The type of conduction and the resistivity of germani\-
um depend on the introduction of carefully proportioned quantities of donor and acceptor impurities into it. The process of doping germanium with impurities is known ae alloying. Commercial germanium is alloyed by metallurgi\-
cal processing, i.e., by introducing the required quan\-tities of donor or acceptor impurities into molten ger\-manium. The concentration of alloying impurities in a crystal is extremely low, approximately one part of im\-purity to 10}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\super\langfenp1033\insrsid2377146\charrsid2377146 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  
parts of germanium. Therefore it i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2377146 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid1464567  advi\-sable to introduce impurities in the original form. The usual practice is to employ germanium alloys having pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid2377146 edetermined amounts of impurity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9062272\charrsid877110 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\expnd0\expndtw0\lang1033\langfe1033\langfenp1033\insrsid9916975\charrsid877110 
\par }{\*\themedata 504b030414000600080000002100e9de0fbfff0000001c020000130000005b436f6e74656e745f54797065735d2e786d6cac91cb4ec3301045f748fc83e52d4a
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